The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 9, sentence 54
“Now thou knowest!” and the torrent of black horns, foaming muzzles, and staring eyes whirled down the ravine just as boulders go down in floodtime; the weaker buffaloes being shouldered out to the sides of the ravine where they tore through the creepers.
Who acts: thou, black horns, boulders, buffaloes · What happens: know, foam, stare, whirl down, go down, shoulder out · To what, where: muzzles, eyes, weaker buffaloes, creepers
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, black horns, boulders, buffaloes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 knowest | punct |
| 2 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 knowest | advmod |
| 3 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 4 knowest | nsubj |
| 4 | knowest | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 4 knowest | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 knowest | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 torrent | cc |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 torrent | det |
| 9 | torrent | torrent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 knowest | conj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 horns | case |
| 11 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 horns | amod |
| 12 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 torrent | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 foaming | punct |
| 14 | foaming | foam | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 horns | acl |
| 15 | muzzles | muzzle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 foaming | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 staring | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 staring | cc |
| 18 | staring | stare | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 knowest | advcl |
| 19 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 staring | obj |
| 20 | whirled | whirl | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 staring | xcomp |
| 21 | down | down | ADP | _ | 20 whirled | compound:prt |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 ravine | det |
| 23 | ravine | ravine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 staring | obl:unmarked |
| 24 | just | just | ADV | _ | 27 go | advmod |
| 25 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 27 go | mark |
| 26 | boulders | boulder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 go | nsubj |
| 27 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 staring | advcl |
| 28 | down | down | ADV | _ | 27 go | advmod |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 floodtime | case |
| 30 | floodtime | floodtime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 go | obl |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 shouldered | punct |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 buffaloes | det |
| 33 | weaker | weak | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 34 buffaloes | amod |
| 34 | buffaloes | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 shouldered | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 36 shouldered | aux:pass |
| 36 | shouldered | shoulder | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 knowest | conj |
| 37 | out | out | ADP | _ | 36 shouldered | compound:prt |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 sides | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 sides | det |
| 40 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 shouldered | obl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 ravine | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 ravine | det |
| 43 | ravine | ravine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 sides | nmod |
| 44 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 46 tore | advmod |
| 45 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 tore | nsubj |
| 46 | tore | tore | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 ravine | acl:relcl |
| 47 | through | through | ADP | _ | 49 creepers | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 creepers | det |
| 49 | creepers | creeper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 tore | obl |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 knowest | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know in a quote | present | thou | now | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | foam | gerund | black horns not said here | muzzles | vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location muzzle=Theme | ||||
| 3 | stare | gerund | thou not said here | eyes | the ravine obl:unmarked | tree rules | |||
| 4 | whirl down | participle | thou not said here | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | go down | present | boulders | in floodtime; down property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in floodtime=Attribute | ||||
| 6 | shoulder out | gerund · passive | the weaker buffaloes | to the sides of the ravine | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 7 | tore | past | buffaloes = buffalo | the creepers | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/9/54/