The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 9, sentence 55
They knew what the business was before them--the terrible charge of the buffalo herd against which no tiger can hope to stand.
Who acts: boulders, tiger · What happens: know, be, hope, stand, charge · To what, where: terrible charge, buffalo herd
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boulders, tiger), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 knew | nsubj |
| 2 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 2 knew | obj |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 business | det |
| 5 | business | business | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 what | nsubj |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 them | cop |
| 7 | before | before | ADP | _ | 8 them | case |
| 8 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 what | acl:relcl |
| 9 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 12 charge | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 charge | det |
| 11 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 charge | amod |
| 12 | charge | charge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 knew | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 herd | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 herd | det |
| 15 | buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 herd | compound |
| 16 | herd | herd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 charge | nmod |
| 17 | against | against | ADP | _ | 18 which | case |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 hope | obl |
| 19 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 20 tiger | det |
| 20 | tiger | tiger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 hope | nsubj |
| 21 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 hope | aux |
| 22 | hope | hope | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 herd | acl:relcl |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 stand | mark |
| 24 | stand | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 hope | xcomp |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 knew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | boulders = boulder | the terrible charge of the buffalo herd | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | is | past | before buffaloes = buffalo | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | hope | can | no tiger | against the buffalo herd | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | ||||
| 4 | stand not said to happen | to-infinitive | no tiger not said here | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | charge | the buffalo herd | nom charge «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/9/55/