The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 9, sentence 56

Shere Khan heard the thunder of their hoofs, picked himself up, and lumbered down the ravine, looking from side to side for some way of escape, but the walls of the ravine were straight and he had to hold on, heavy with his dinner and his drink, willing to do anything rather than fight.

Who acts: Shere, walls, hoofs · What happens: hear, pick up, lumber, look, be, have · To what, where: thunder, Shere, ravine, anything

This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shere, walls, hoofs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Shere	Shere	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 heard	nsubj
2	Khan	Khan	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Shere	flat
3	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 thunder	det
5	thunder	thunder	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 heard	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 hoofs	case
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 hoofs	nmod:poss
8	hoofs	hoof	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 thunder	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 picked	punct
10	picked	pick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 heard	parataxis
11	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	10 picked	obj
12	up	up	ADP	_	10 picked	compound:prt
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 lumbered	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 lumbered	cc
15	lumbered	lumber	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 picked	conj
16	down	down	ADP	_	18 ravine	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 ravine	det
18	ravine	ravine	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 lumbered	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 looking	punct
20	looking	look	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	15 lumbered	advcl
21	from	from	ADP	_	22 side	case
22	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 looking	obl
23	to	to	ADP	_	24 side	case
24	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 looking	obl
25	for	for	ADP	_	27 way	case
26	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	27 way	det
27	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 side	nmod
28	of	of	ADP	_	29 escape	case
29	escape	escape	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 way	nmod
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 were	punct
31	but	but	CCONJ	_	37 were	cc
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 walls	det
33	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 were	nsubj
34	of	of	ADP	_	36 ravine	case
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 ravine	det
36	ravine	ravine	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 walls	nmod
37	were	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 heard	conj
38	straight	straight	ADV	_	37 were	advmod
39	and	and	CCONJ	_	41 had	cc
40	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	41 had	nsubj
41	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	37 were	conj
42	to	to	PART	_	43 hold	mark
43	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	41 had	xcomp
44	on	on	ADP	_	43 hold	compound:prt
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	46 heavy	punct
46	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	43 hold	xcomp
47	with	with	ADP	_	49 dinner	case
48	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	49 dinner	nmod:poss
49	dinner	dinner	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 heavy	obl
50	and	and	CCONJ	_	52 drink	cc
51	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	52 drink	nmod:poss
52	drink	drink	NOUN	Number=Sing	49 dinner	conj
53	,	,	PUNCT	_	54 willing	punct
54	willing	willing	ADJ	Degree=Pos	46 heavy	conj
55	to	to	PART	_	56 do	mark
56	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	54 willing	xcomp
57	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	56 do	obj
58	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	60 fight	cc
59	than	than	ADP	_	58 rather	fixed
60	fight	fight	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	57 anything	conj
61	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 heard	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	hear	past	Shere	the thunder of boulders's hoofs			vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer thunder=Stimulus
2	pick up	past		Shere			vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Topic
3	lumber	participle			the ravine		vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme down ravine=Trajectory
4	look	gerund				to side for some way of escape; from side	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent from side=Theme
5	be	past	the walls of the ravine			straight property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	have	past	Shere				tree rules
7	hold on	to-infinitive	Shere not said here			heavy property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
8	do	to-infinitive	Shere not said here	anything			vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Eventuality
9	fight	infinitive	Shere not said here				vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
10	thunder		boulders's hoofs				nom thunder «event intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/9/56/