The Book of Dragons, The Dragon Tamers], sentence 104
So John ran up the steps as quickly as he could, for he knew that if the dragon got impatient before it was fastened, it could heave up the roof of the dungeon with one heave of its back, and kill them all in the ruins.
Who acts: John, dragon, compliment, back · What happens: run up, know, get, fasten, heave up, kill · To what, where: steps, compliment, roof, ruins · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, The Dragon Tamers]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (John, dragon, compliment, back), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 3 ran | advmod |
| 2 | John | John | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 ran | nsubj |
| 3 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 ran | compound:prt |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 steps | det |
| 6 | steps | step | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 ran | obj |
| 7 | as | as | ADV | _ | 8 quickly | advmod |
| 8 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 3 ran | advmod |
| 9 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 11 could | mark |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 could | nsubj |
| 11 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 8 quickly | advcl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 knew | punct |
| 13 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 15 knew | mark |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 knew | nsubj |
| 15 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ran | conj |
| 16 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 29 heave | mark |
| 17 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 20 got | mark |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 dragon | det |
| 19 | dragon | dragon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 got | nsubj |
| 20 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 heave | advcl |
| 21 | impatient | impatient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 got | xcomp |
| 22 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 25 fastened | mark |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 fastened | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 fastened | aux:pass |
| 25 | fastened | fasten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 got | advcl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 got | punct |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 heave | nsubj |
| 28 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 heave | aux |
| 29 | heave | heave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 knew | ccomp |
| 30 | up | up | ADP | _ | 29 heave | compound:prt |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 roof | det |
| 32 | roof | roof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 heave | obj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 dungeon | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 dungeon | det |
| 35 | dungeon | dungeon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 roof | nmod |
| 36 | with | with | ADP | _ | 38 heave | case |
| 37 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 38 heave | nummod |
| 38 | heave | heave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 heave | obl |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 back | case |
| 40 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 back | nmod:poss |
| 41 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 heave | nmod |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 kill | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 kill | cc |
| 44 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 heave | conj |
| 45 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 kill | obj |
| 46 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 45 them | nmod:unmarked |
| 47 | in | in | ADP | _ | 49 ruins | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 ruins | det |
| 49 | ruins | ruin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 kill | obl |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 ran | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run up | past | John | the steps | quickly property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme step=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | know | past | John | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | get a condition, not said to happen | past | the dragon | impatient property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | fasten | past · passive | compliment | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 5 | heave up | could | compliment | the roof of the dungeon | with one heave of compliment's back | vn push-12 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent roof=Theme | |||
| 6 | kill | infinitive | compliment not said here | roof | the ruins | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | |||
| 7 | heave | compliment's back | nom heave «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg23661/12/104/