The Book of Dragons, Opening, part 7, sentence 86
And just when George and Jane were starting for the North Pole, the Arctic regions had come down very nearly as far as Forest Hill, so that, as the children walked on, it grew colder and colder, and presently they saw that the fields were covered with snow, and there were great icicles hanging from all the hedges and gates.
Who acts: George, Arctic regions, children, Pole, regions, great icicles · What happens: start, come down, walk on, grow, see, cover · To what, where: fields, hedges · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (George, Arctic regions, children, Pole), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 starting | cc |
| 2 | just | just | ADV | _ | 8 starting | advmod |
| 3 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 8 starting | advmod |
| 4 | George | George | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 starting | nsubj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 Jane | cc |
| 6 | Jane | Jane | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 George | conj |
| 7 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 starting | aux |
| 8 | starting | start | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 9 | for | for | ADP | _ | 12 Pole | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Pole | det |
| 11 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Pole | compound |
| 12 | Pole | Pole | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 come | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 Pole | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 regions | det |
| 15 | Arctic | arctic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 regions | amod |
| 16 | regions | region | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 come | nsubj |
| 17 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 come | aux |
| 18 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 starting | parataxis |
| 19 | down | down | ADV | _ | 18 come | advmod |
| 20 | very | very | ADV | _ | 21 nearly | advmod |
| 21 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 23 far | advmod |
| 22 | as | as | ADV | _ | 23 far | advmod |
| 23 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 18 come | advmod |
| 24 | as | as | ADP | _ | 26 Hill | case |
| 25 | Forest | Forest | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Hill | compound |
| 26 | Hill | Hill | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 far | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 grew | punct |
| 28 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 38 grew | mark |
| 29 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 28 so | fixed |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 so | punct |
| 31 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 34 walked | mark |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 children | det |
| 33 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 walked | nsubj |
| 34 | walked | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 grew | advcl |
| 35 | on | on | ADV | _ | 34 walked | advmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 walked | punct |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 grew | nsubj |
| 38 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 come | conj |
| 39 | colder | cold | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 38 grew | xcomp |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 colder | cc |
| 41 | colder | cold | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 39 colder | conj |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 saw | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 saw | cc |
| 44 | presently | presently | ADV | _ | 46 saw | advmod |
| 45 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 saw | nsubj |
| 46 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 grew | conj |
| 47 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 51 covered | mark |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 fields | det |
| 49 | fields | field | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 covered | nsubj:pass |
| 50 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 51 covered | aux:pass |
| 51 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 46 saw | ccomp |
| 52 | with | with | ADP | _ | 53 snow | case |
| 53 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 covered | obl |
| 54 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 were | punct |
| 55 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 57 were | cc |
| 56 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 57 were | expl |
| 57 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 grew | conj |
| 58 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 59 icicles | amod |
| 59 | icicles | icicle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 57 were | nsubj |
| 60 | hanging | hang | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 59 icicles | acl |
| 61 | from | from | ADP | _ | 64 hedges | case |
| 62 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 64 hedges | det:predet |
| 63 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 64 hedges | det |
| 64 | hedges | hedge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 60 hanging | obl |
| 65 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 66 gates | cc |
| 66 | gates | gate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 64 hedges | conj |
| 67 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 starting | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | start | past · progressive | George and Jane | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | come down | past · perfect | the Arctic regions | for the North Pole; down, far property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | walk on | past | the children | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | grow | past | Pole | cold property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | see | past | regions = region | presently property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | cover | past · passive | the fields | with snow | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with snow=Theme | ||||
| 7 | be | past | great icicles | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | hang | gerund | great icicles not said here | all hedges and gates | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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