The Book of Dragons, Opening, part 8, sentence 109
The sealskin dwarfs tied George and Jane to the North Pole, and, as they had no ropes, they bound them with snow-wreaths, which are very strong when they are made in the proper way, and they heaped up the fires very close and said: "Now the dragon will get warm, and when he gets warm he will wake, and when he wakes he will be hungry, and when he is hungry he will begin to eat, and the first thing he will eat will be you."
Who acts: sealskin dwarfs, dwarfs, snow wreaths, dragon, first thing · What happens: tie, have, bound, be, make, heap up · To what, where: George, ropes, dwarfs, proper way, fires, first thing · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sealskin dwarfs, dwarfs, snow wreaths, dragon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 dwarfs | det |
| 2 | sealskin | sealskin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 dwarfs | compound |
| 3 | dwarfs | dwarf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 tied | nsubj |
| 4 | tied | tie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | George | George | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 tied | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 Jane | cc |
| 7 | Jane | Jane | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 George | conj |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 Pole | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Pole | det |
| 10 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Pole | compound |
| 11 | Pole | Pole | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 tied | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 bound | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 bound | cc |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 and | punct |
| 15 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 17 had | mark |
| 16 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 had | nsubj |
| 17 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 bound | advcl |
| 18 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 19 ropes | det |
| 19 | ropes | rope | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 had | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 had | punct |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 bound | nsubj |
| 22 | bound | bound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 tied | conj |
| 23 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 bound | obj |
| 24 | with | with | ADP | _ | 27 wreaths | case |
| 25 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 wreaths | compound |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 snow | punct |
| 27 | wreaths | wreath | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 bound | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 strong | punct |
| 29 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 strong | nsubj |
| 30 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 strong | cop |
| 31 | very | very | ADV | _ | 32 strong | advmod |
| 32 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 wreaths | amod |
| 33 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 36 made | mark |
| 34 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 made | nsubj |
| 35 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 made | aux:pass |
| 36 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 strong | advcl |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 way | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 way | det |
| 39 | proper | proper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 way | amod |
| 40 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 made | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 heaped | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 heaped | cc |
| 43 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 heaped | nsubj |
| 44 | heaped | heap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 tied | conj |
| 45 | up | up | ADP | _ | 44 heaped | compound:prt |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 fires | det |
| 47 | fires | fire | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 heaped | obj |
| 48 | very | very | ADV | _ | 49 close | advmod |
| 49 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 fires | amod |
| 50 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 said | cc |
| 51 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 heaped | conj |
| 52 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 58 get | punct |
| 53 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 58 get | punct |
| 54 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 58 get | advmod |
| 55 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 dragon | det |
| 56 | dragon | dragon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 get | nsubj |
| 57 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 58 get | aux |
| 58 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 51 said | ccomp |
| 59 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 get | xcomp |
| 60 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 64 gets | punct |
| 61 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 64 gets | cc |
| 62 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 64 gets | advmod |
| 63 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 64 gets | nsubj |
| 64 | gets | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 58 get | advcl |
| 65 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 64 gets | xcomp |
| 66 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 68 wake | nsubj |
| 67 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 68 wake | aux |
| 68 | wake | wake | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 64 gets | acl:relcl |
| 69 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 73 wakes | punct |
| 70 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 73 wakes | cc |
| 71 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 73 wakes | mark |
| 72 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 73 wakes | nsubj |
| 73 | wakes | wake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 64 gets | conj |
| 74 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 77 hungry | nsubj |
| 75 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 77 hungry | aux |
| 76 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 77 hungry | cop |
| 77 | hungry | hungry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 73 wakes | ccomp |
| 78 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 86 begin | punct |
| 79 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 86 begin | cc |
| 80 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 83 hungry | mark |
| 81 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 83 hungry | nsubj |
| 82 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 83 hungry | cop |
| 83 | hungry | hungry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 86 begin | advcl |
| 84 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 86 begin | nsubj |
| 85 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 86 begin | aux |
| 86 | begin | begin | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 58 get | advcl |
| 87 | to | to | PART | _ | 88 eat | mark |
| 88 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 86 begin | xcomp |
| 89 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 99 you | punct |
| 90 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 99 you | cc |
| 91 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 93 thing | det |
| 92 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 93 thing | amod |
| 93 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 99 you | nsubj |
| 94 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 96 eat | nsubj |
| 95 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 96 eat | aux |
| 96 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 93 thing | acl:relcl |
| 97 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 99 you | aux |
| 98 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 99 you | cop |
| 99 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 4 tied | obl |
| 100 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 tied | punct |
| 101 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 tied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tie | past | the sealskin dwarfs | George and Jane | to the North Pole | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent george=Patient to pole=Co-Patient | |||
| 2 | have | past | dwarfs = dwarf | no ropes | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rope=Patient | ||||
| 3 | bound | present | dwarfs = dwarf | ropes = rope | with snow wreaths | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location they=Theme | |||
| 4 | is | present | snow wreaths | strong property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | make | present · passive | dwarfs = dwarf | the proper way | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 6 | heap up | past | dwarfs = dwarf | the fires | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent fire=Theme | ||||
| 7 | say speech: assert | past | dwarfs = dwarf not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 8 | get in a quote | future | the dragon | now | warm property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 9 | get in a quote | present | dragon | warm property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 10 | wake in a quote | future | dragon | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 11 | wake in a quote | present | dragon | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 12 | is in a quote | future | dragon | hungry property | tree rules | ||||
| 13 | is in a quote | present | dragon | hungry property | tree rules | ||||
| 14 | begin in a quote | future | dragon | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 15 | eat in a quote | to-infinitive | dragon not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 16 | eat in a quote | future | dragon | the first thing not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient | ||||
| 17 | is a in a quote | future | the first thing | you | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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