The Book of Dragons, Opening, part 8, sentence 120
The white grouse laughed, and his laugh was echoed by thousands of kind, soft bird voices.
Who acts: white grouse, thousands, grouse · What happens: laugh, echo · To what, where: laugh
This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (white grouse, thousands, grouse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 grouse | det |
| 2 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 grouse | amod |
| 3 | grouse | grouse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 laughed | nsubj |
| 4 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 echoed | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 echoed | cc |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 laugh | nmod:poss |
| 8 | laugh | laugh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 echoed | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 echoed | aux:pass |
| 10 | echoed | echo | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 laughed | conj |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 thousands | case |
| 12 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 echoed | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 voices | case |
| 14 | kind | kind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 voices | amod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 kind | punct |
| 16 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 voices | amod |
| 17 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 voices | compound |
| 18 | voices | voice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 thousands | nmod |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 laughed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | laugh | past | the white grouse | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | echo | past · passive | thousands of kind soft bird voices | grouse's laugh | vn sound_existence-47.4 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | laugh | grouse | nom laugh «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg23661/8/120/