The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 11, sentence 27
“Are you a ghost, or a dying man?” they asked him trembling, as they stooped over the side of the ship.
Who acts: man, friends · What happens: be, die, ask, tremble, stoop · To what, where: ghost, man, side · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, friends), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 ghost | punct |
| 2 | Are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 ghost | cop |
| 3 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 5 ghost | nsubj |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 ghost | det |
| 5 | ghost | ghost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 asked | nsubj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 man | punct |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 man | cc |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 man | det |
| 9 | dying | die | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 man | amod |
| 10 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 ghost | appos |
| 11 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 10 man | punct |
| 12 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 man | punct |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 asked | nsubj |
| 14 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 asked | iobj |
| 16 | trembling | tremble | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 asked | xcomp |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 stooped | punct |
| 18 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 20 stooped | mark |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 stooped | nsubj |
| 20 | stooped | stoop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 asked | conj |
| 21 | over | over | ADP | _ | 23 side | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 side | det |
| 23 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 stooped | obl |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 ship | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 ship | det |
| 26 | ship | ship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 side | nmod |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 asked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | man | a ghost | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | die in a quote | gerund | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | past | man | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | tremble not said to happen | gerund | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | stoop | past | friends = friend | the side of the ship | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over side=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2435/11/27/