The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 19, sentence 13
Luckily she had been taught his language as a child, so they had no difficulty in talking together.
Who acts: languages, difficulty · What happens: teach, have, talk · To what, where: princess, difficulty
This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (languages, difficulty), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Luckily | luckily | ADV | _ | 5 taught | advmod |
| 2 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 taught | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 taught | aux |
| 4 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 taught | aux:pass |
| 5 | taught | teach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 language | nmod:poss |
| 7 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 taught | obj |
| 8 | as | as | ADP | _ | 10 child | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 child | det |
| 10 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 taught | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 had | punct |
| 12 | so | so | ADV | _ | 14 had | advmod |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 had | nsubj |
| 14 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 taught | parataxis |
| 15 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 16 difficulty | det |
| 16 | difficulty | difficulty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 had | obj |
| 17 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 18 talking | mark |
| 18 | talking | talk | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 16 difficulty | acl |
| 19 | together | together | ADV | _ | 18 talking | advmod |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 taught | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | teach speech: other | past · perfect · passive | princess | as a child; luckily property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient language=Topic | ||||
| 2 | have | past | languages = language | no difficulty | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent difficulty=Patient | ||||
| 3 | talk | gerund | no difficulty not said here | together property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2435/19/13/