The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 20, sentence 106
By-and-by he reached the edge of a lake, and flying towards some rushes which grew near the shore he beheld a wild duck.
Who acts: boy, rushes · What happens: reach, fly, grow, behold · To what, where: edge, rushes, shore, wild duck
This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, rushes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | By | by | ADP | _ | 2 - | case |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 reached | punct |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 reached | cc |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 3 and | punct |
| 5 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 7 reached | mark |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 reached | nsubj |
| 7 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 edge | det |
| 9 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 reached | obj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 lake | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 lake | det |
| 12 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 edge | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 flying | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 flying | cc |
| 15 | flying | fly | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 reached | advcl |
| 16 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 18 rushes | case |
| 17 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 18 rushes | det |
| 18 | rushes | rush | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 flying | obl |
| 19 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 grew | nsubj |
| 20 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 rushes | acl:relcl |
| 21 | near | near | ADP | _ | 23 shore | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 shore | det |
| 23 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 grew | obl |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 beheld | nsubj |
| 25 | beheld | behold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 shore | acl:relcl |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 duck | det |
| 27 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 duck | amod |
| 28 | duck | duck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 beheld | obj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 reached | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | past | boy | the edge of a lake | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent edge=Theme | ||||
| 2 | fly | gerund | boy not said here | some rushes | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards rush=Destination | ||||
| 3 | grow | past | some rushes | the shore | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near shore=Location | ||||
| 4 | behold | past | boy | a wild duck | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer duck=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2435/20/106/