The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 26, sentence 107
Still the sound of sheep bells rang softly from above, and the herdsman knew them to be those he had hung on the horns of his ram.
Who acts: you, sound, herdsman · What happens: still, ring, know, be, hang · To what, where: bells, those, horns
This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, sound, herdsman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Still | still | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 sound | det |
| 3 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 rang | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 bells | case |
| 5 | sheep | sheep | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 bells | compound |
| 6 | bells | bell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 rang | obl |
| 7 | rang | ring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Still | parataxis |
| 8 | softly | softly | ADV | _ | 7 rang | advmod |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 above | case |
| 10 | above | above | ADV | _ | 7 rang | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 knew | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 knew | cc |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 herdsman | det |
| 14 | herdsman | herdsman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 knew | nsubj |
| 15 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 rang | parataxis |
| 16 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 knew | obj |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 those | mark |
| 18 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 19 those | cop |
| 19 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 15 knew | obl |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 hung | nsubj |
| 21 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 hung | aux |
| 22 | hung | hang | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 those | acl:relcl |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 25 horns | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 horns | det |
| 25 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 hung | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 ram | case |
| 27 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 ram | nmod:poss |
| 28 | ram | ram | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 horns | nmod |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Still | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | still | imperative | you not said here | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | ring | past | the sound | of sheep bells; softly property | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | know | past | the herdsman | bells = bell | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | is a | to-infinitive | those | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | hang | past · perfect | Herdsman | the horns of Herdsman's ram | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on horn=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2435/26/107/