The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 34, sentence 85
As he raised his head he saw a horseman who seemed trying to urge a tired or unwilling horse across the plain.
Who acts: happiness, horseman · What happens: raise, see, seem, try, urge · To what, where: head, horseman, tired horse, plain
This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 34. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (happiness, horseman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 raised | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 raised | nsubj |
| 3 | raised | raise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 saw | advcl |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 head | nmod:poss |
| 5 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 raised | obj |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 saw | nsubj |
| 7 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 horseman | det |
| 9 | horseman | horseman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 saw | obj |
| 10 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 seemed | nsubj |
| 11 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 horseman | acl:relcl |
| 12 | trying | try | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 seemed | xcomp |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 urge | mark |
| 14 | urge | urge | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 trying | xcomp |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 horse | det |
| 16 | tired | tired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 horse | amod |
| 17 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 18 unwilling | cc |
| 18 | unwilling | unwilling | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 tired | conj |
| 19 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 urge | obj |
| 20 | across | across | ADP | _ | 22 plain | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 plain | det |
| 22 | plain | plain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 urge | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | raise | past | happiness | happiness's head | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme | ||||
| 2 | see | past | happiness | a horseman | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer horseman=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | seem | past | a horseman | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 4 | try | gerund | a horseman not said here | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | urge not said to happen | to-infinitive | a horseman not said here | a tired horse | the plain | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2435/34/85/