Grimms' Fairy Tales, The Water of Life, sentence 11
Then he set out: and when he had gone on his way some time he came to a deep valley, overhung with rocks and woods; and as he looked around, he saw standing above him on one of the rocks a little ugly dwarf, with a sugarloaf cap and a scarlet cloak; and the dwarf called to him and said, ‘Prince, whither so fast?’
Who acts: prince, dwarf · What happens: set out, go, come, overhang, look around, see · To what, where: way, time, deep valley, dwarf, prince · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Water of Life. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prince, dwarf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 set | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 set | nsubj |
| 3 | set | set | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | out | out | ADP | _ | 3 set | compound:prt |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 3 set | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 gone | cc |
| 7 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 10 gone | advmod |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 gone | nsubj |
| 9 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 gone | aux |
| 10 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 set | conj |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 13 way | case |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 way | nmod:poss |
| 13 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 gone | obl |
| 14 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 15 time | det |
| 15 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 way | obl:unmarked |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 came | nsubj |
| 17 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 time | acl:relcl |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 valley | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 valley | det |
| 20 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 valley | amod |
| 21 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 came | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 overhung | punct |
| 23 | overhung | overhang | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 valley | acl |
| 24 | with | with | ADP | _ | 25 rocks | case |
| 25 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 overhung | obl |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 woods | cc |
| 27 | woods | wood | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 rocks | conj |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 looked | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 looked | cc |
| 30 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 32 looked | mark |
| 31 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 looked | nsubj |
| 32 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 set | parataxis |
| 33 | around | around | ADV | _ | 32 looked | advmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 saw | punct |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 saw | nsubj |
| 36 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 looked | conj |
| 37 | standing | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 36 saw | xcomp |
| 38 | above | above | ADP | _ | 39 him | case |
| 39 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 standing | obl |
| 40 | on | on | ADP | _ | 41 one | case |
| 41 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 36 saw | obl |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 rocks | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 rocks | det |
| 44 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 one | nmod |
| 45 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 46 little | det |
| 46 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 ugly | obl:unmarked |
| 47 | ugly | ugly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 dwarf | amod |
| 48 | dwarf | dwarf | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 rocks | acl:relcl |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 cap | punct |
| 50 | with | with | ADP | _ | 53 cap | case |
| 51 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 53 cap | det |
| 52 | sugarloaf | sugarloaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 cap | compound |
| 53 | cap | cap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 saw | obl |
| 54 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 57 cloak | cc |
| 55 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 57 cloak | det |
| 56 | scarlet | scarlet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 cloak | compound |
| 57 | cloak | cloak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 cap | conj |
| 58 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 66 said | punct |
| 59 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 66 said | cc |
| 60 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 61 dwarf | det |
| 61 | dwarf | dwarf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 said | nsubj |
| 62 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 61 dwarf | acl |
| 63 | to | to | ADP | _ | 64 him | case |
| 64 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 62 called | obl |
| 65 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 66 said | cc |
| 66 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 set | parataxis |
| 67 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 69 Prince | punct |
| 68 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 69 Prince | punct |
| 69 | Prince | Prince | PROPN | Number=Sing | 66 said | ccomp |
| 70 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 73 fast | punct |
| 71 | whither | whither | ADV | PronType=Int | 73 fast | advmod |
| 72 | so | so | ADV | _ | 73 fast | advmod |
| 73 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 66 said | advmod |
| 74 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 73 fast | punct |
| 75 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 66 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | set out | past | prince | then | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | go | past · perfect | prince | prince's way | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on way=Location | ||||
| 3 | come | past | prince | some time not said here | to a deep valley | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location time=Theme | |||
| 4 | overhang | participle | a deep valley not said here | with rocks and woods | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | look around | past | prince | around property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | see | past | prince | on one of the rocks; with a sugarloaf cap and a scarlet cloak | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | stand | gerund | prince not said here | above prince | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent above he=Location | ||||
| 8 | call | participle | the dwarf not said here | prince | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient | ||||
| 9 | say speech: assert | past | the dwarf | fast property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/49/11/