Grimms' Fairy Tales, Iron Hans, sentence 191
At the bottom he saw a gold ring lying; and as he could not make out how it had got there, he ordered the cook to be sent for.
Who acts: king, gold ring, soup, cook · What happens: see, lie, not make out, get, order, send · To what, where: gold ring, bottom, cook
This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Iron Hans. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, gold ring, soup, cook), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 3 bottom | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 bottom | det |
| 3 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 saw | obl |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 saw | nsubj |
| 5 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 ring | det |
| 7 | gold | gold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 ring | amod |
| 8 | ring | ring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 saw | obj |
| 9 | lying | lie | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 ring | acl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 make | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 make | cc |
| 12 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 16 make | mark |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 make | nsubj |
| 14 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 make | aux |
| 15 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 16 make | advmod |
| 16 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 saw | conj |
| 17 | out | out | ADP | _ | 16 make | compound:prt |
| 18 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 21 got | advmod |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 got | nsubj |
| 20 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 got | aux |
| 21 | got | get | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 make | advcl |
| 22 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 21 got | advmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 ordered | punct |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 ordered | nsubj |
| 25 | ordered | order | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 saw | parataxis |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 cook | det |
| 27 | cook | cook | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 ordered | obj |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 sent | mark |
| 29 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 30 sent | aux:pass |
| 30 | sent | send | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 ordered | xcomp |
| 31 | for | for | ADP | _ | 30 sent | obl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | king | a gold ring | the bottom | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ring=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | lie | gerund | a gold ring not said here | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | not make out | could | king | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | get | past · perfect | soup | there | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | order | past | king | the cook | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent cook=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 6 | send not said to happen | to-infinitive · passive | the cook not said here | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/59/191/