Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Nightingale, sentence 29
So he returned to the emperor, and said that it must be a fable, invented by those who had written the book. "
Who acts: nobleman, bird · What happens: return, say, be, invent, write · To what, where: fable, book · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Nightingale. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (nobleman, bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 3 returned | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 returned | nsubj |
| 3 | returned | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 emperor | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 emperor | det |
| 6 | emperor | emperor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 returned | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 said | cc |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 returned | conj |
| 10 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 15 fable | mark |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 fable | nsubj |
| 12 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 fable | aux |
| 13 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 15 fable | cop |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 fable | det |
| 15 | fable | fable | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 said | ccomp |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 invented | punct |
| 17 | invented | invent | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 fable | acl |
| 18 | by | by | ADP | _ | 19 those | case |
| 19 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 17 invented | obl |
| 20 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 written | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 written | aux |
| 22 | written | write | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 those | acl:relcl |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 book | det |
| 24 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 written | obj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 returned | punct |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 returned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | return | past | nobleman | to the emperor result | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to emperor=Result | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | nobleman not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is a | must | bird | a fable | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | invent | participle | a fable not said here | by a fable | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | write | past · perfect · passive | the book | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient book=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/125/29/