Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, A Story From the Sand-hills, part 1, sentence 57
Much has happened since then, much has altered or been changed.
What happens: happen, alter, change
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, A Story From the Sand-hills, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Much | much | ADV | _ | 3 happened | advmod |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 happened | aux |
| 3 | happened | happen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | since | since | ADP | _ | 5 then | case |
| 5 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 happened | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 altered | punct |
| 7 | much | much | ADV | _ | 9 altered | advmod |
| 8 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 altered | aux |
| 9 | altered | alter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 happened | parataxis |
| 10 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 12 changed | cc |
| 11 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 changed | aux:pass |
| 12 | changed | change | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 altered | conj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 happened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | present · perfect | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | alter | present · perfect | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | change | participle · passive | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/158/57/