Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, A Cheerful Temper, sentence 20
Each of them is like a closed book, with the back uppermost, on which we can read the title of what the book contains, but nothing more.
Who acts: Each, we, book · What happens: close, be, read, contain · To what, where: title
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, A Cheerful Temper. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Each, we, book), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 book | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 3 them | case |
| 3 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 Each | nmod |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 book | cop |
| 5 | like | like | ADP | _ | 8 book | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 book | det |
| 7 | closed | close | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 book | amod |
| 8 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 uppermost | punct |
| 10 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 13 uppermost | mark |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 back | det |
| 12 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 uppermost | obl:unmarked |
| 13 | uppermost | uppermost | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 book | parataxis |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 read | punct |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 16 which | case |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 read | obl |
| 17 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 19 read | nsubj |
| 18 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 read | aux |
| 19 | read | read | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 uppermost | parataxis |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 title | det |
| 21 | title | title | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 read | obj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 what | case |
| 23 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 title | nmod |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 book | det |
| 25 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 contains | nsubj |
| 26 | contains | contain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 what | acl:relcl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 nothing | punct |
| 28 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 29 nothing | cc |
| 29 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 19 read | parataxis |
| 30 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 29 nothing | amod |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 book | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | close | participle | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 2 | is | present | Each | like a closed book | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | read | can | we | the title | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent title=Topic | ||||
| 4 | contain | present | the book | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/16/20/