Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Snowdrop, sentence 1

It was winter-time; the air was cold, the wind was sharp, but within the closed doors it was warm and comfortable, and within the closed door lay the flower; it lay in the bulb under the snow-covered earth.

Who acts: It, air, wind · What happens: be, close, lay, lie, cover · To what, where: winter time, flower, bulb

This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Snowdrop. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It, air, wind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 time	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 time	cop
3	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 time	compound
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 winter	punct
5	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 cold	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 air	det
8	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 cold	nsubj
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 cold	cop
10	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 time	parataxis
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 sharp	punct
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 wind	det
13	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 sharp	nsubj
14	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 sharp	cop
15	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 cold	parataxis
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 warm	punct
17	but	but	CCONJ	_	24 warm	cc
18	within	within	ADP	_	21 doors	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 doors	det
20	closed	close	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	21 doors	amod
21	doors	door	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 warm	obl
22	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 warm	nsubj
23	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 warm	cop
24	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 sharp	parataxis
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 comfortable	cc
26	comfortable	comfortable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 warm	conj
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 lay	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 lay	cc
29	within	within	ADP	_	32 door	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 door	det
31	closed	close	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	32 door	amod
32	door	door	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 lay	obl
33	lay	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 warm	conj
34	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 flower	det
35	flower	flower	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 lay	obj
36	;	;	PUNCT	_	38 lay	punct
37	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	38 lay	nsubj
38	lay	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 sharp	parataxis
39	in	in	ADP	_	41 bulb	case
40	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	41 bulb	det
41	bulb	bulb	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 lay	obl
42	under	under	ADP	_	47 earth	case
43	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	47 earth	det
44	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 covered	compound
45	-	-	PUNCT	_	44 snow	punct
46	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	47 earth	amod
47	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 lay	obl
48	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 time	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	winter time			tree rules
2	is	past	the air			cold property	tree rules
3	is	past	the wind			sharp property	tree rules
4	close	participle					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	is	past	wind			within the closed doors; warm property	tree rules
6	be		wind not said here				tree rules
7	close	participle					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
8	lay	present	wind not said here	the flower		within the closed door	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flower=Result
9	lie	past	wind		the bulb	under the covered earth	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in bulb=Location
10	cover	participle					vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/177/1/