Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Travelling Companion, part 1, sentence 33
As he looked at the old tower, he espied the ringer standing at one of the narrow openings, with his little pointed red cap on his head, and shading his eyes from the sun with his bent arm.
Who acts: John, ringer · What happens: look, espy, stand, shade · To what, where: ringer, eyes
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Travelling Companion, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (John, ringer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 looked | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 looked | nsubj |
| 3 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 espied | advcl |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 tower | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 tower | det |
| 6 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 tower | amod |
| 7 | tower | tower | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 looked | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 looked | punct |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 espied | nsubj |
| 10 | espied | espy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 ringer | det |
| 12 | ringer | ringer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 espied | obj |
| 13 | standing | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 ringer | acl |
| 14 | at | at | ADP | _ | 15 one | case |
| 15 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 standing | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 openings | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 openings | det |
| 18 | narrow | narrow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 openings | amod |
| 19 | openings | opening | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 one | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 cap | punct |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 cap | case |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 cap | nmod:poss |
| 23 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 cap | amod |
| 24 | pointed | pointed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 cap | amod |
| 25 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 cap | amod |
| 26 | cap | cap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 openings | nmod |
| 27 | on | on | ADP | _ | 29 head | case |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 head | nmod:poss |
| 29 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 cap | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 shading | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 shading | cc |
| 32 | shading | shade | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 standing | conj |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 34 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 shading | obj |
| 35 | from | from | ADP | _ | 37 sun | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 sun | det |
| 37 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 shading | obl |
| 38 | with | with | ADP | _ | 41 arm | case |
| 39 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 arm | nmod:poss |
| 40 | bent | bent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 arm | amod |
| 41 | arm | arm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 shading | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 espied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | past | John | at the old tower | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at tower=Theme | ||||
| 2 | espy | past | John | the ringer | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ringer=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | stand | gerund | the ringer not said here | at one of the narrow openings with John's little pointed red cap on John's head | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at one=Location | ||||
| 4 | shade | gerund | the ringer not said here | John's eyes | with John's bent arm; from the sun | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent eye=Beneficiary from sun=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/196/33/