Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Ugly Duckling, sentence 141

The winter grew colder and colder; he was obliged to swim about on the water to keep it from freezing, but every night the space on which he swam became smaller and smaller.

Who acts: winter, air, space · What happens: grow, oblige, swim, keep, become · To what, where: air, water, creature, freezing, space

This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Ugly Duckling. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (winter, air, space), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 winter	det
2	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grew	nsubj
3	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	colder	cold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 grew	xcomp
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 colder	cc
6	colder	cold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 colder	conj
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 obliged	punct
8	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 obliged	nsubj
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 obliged	aux:pass
10	obliged	oblige	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 grew	conj
11	to	to	PART	_	12 swim	mark
12	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 obliged	xcomp
13	about	about	ADV	_	12 swim	advmod
14	on	on	ADP	_	16 water	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 water	det
16	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 swim	obl
17	to	to	PART	_	18 keep	mark
18	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 swim	advcl
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 keep	obj
20	from	from	ADP	_	21 freezing	case
21	freezing	freezing	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 keep	obl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 became	punct
23	but	but	CCONJ	_	32 became	cc
24	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	25 night	det
25	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 became	obl:unmarked
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 space	det
27	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 became	nsubj
28	on	on	ADP	_	29 which	case
29	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	31 swam	obl
30	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 swam	nsubj
31	swam	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	27 space	acl:relcl
32	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 grew	conj
33	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	32 became	xcomp
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	35 smaller	cc
35	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	33 smaller	conj
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 grew	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	past	the winter				cold property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	oblige	past · passive		air				vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result
3	swim	to-infinitive			the water		about property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on water=Trajectory
4	keep	to-infinitive		creature	freezing			vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer it=Beneficiary from freezing=Eventuality
5	swim	past	air		the space			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on which=Trajectory
6	become	past	the space			night	small property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/201/141/