Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Ugly Duckling, sentence 142
At length it froze so hard that the ice in the water crackled as he moved, and the duckling had to paddle with his legs as well as he could, to keep the space from closing up.
Who acts: space, ice, duckling · What happens: freeze, crackle, move, have, paddle, keep · To what, where: length, space
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Ugly Duckling. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (space, ice, duckling), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 length | case |
| 2 | length | length | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 froze | obl |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 froze | nsubj |
| 4 | froze | freeze | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | so | so | ADV | _ | 6 hard | advmod |
| 6 | hard | hard | ADV | Degree=Pos | 4 froze | advmod |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 moved | mark |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 ice | det |
| 9 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 moved | nsubj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 water | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 water | det |
| 12 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 ice | nmod |
| 13 | crackled | crackle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 moved | advcl |
| 14 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 16 moved | mark |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 moved | nsubj |
| 16 | moved | move | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 froze | advcl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 had | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 had | cc |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 duckling | det |
| 20 | duckling | duckling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 had | nsubj |
| 21 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 froze | conj |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 paddle | mark |
| 23 | paddle | paddle | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 had | xcomp |
| 24 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 legs | case |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 legs | nmod:poss |
| 26 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 paddle | obl |
| 27 | as | as | ADV | ExtPos=ADV | 23 paddle | advmod |
| 28 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 27 as | fixed |
| 29 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 31 could | mark |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 could | nsubj |
| 31 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 27 as | advcl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 keep | punct |
| 33 | to | to | PART | _ | 34 keep | mark |
| 34 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 paddle | conj |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 space | det |
| 36 | space | space | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 keep | obj |
| 37 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 38 closing | mark |
| 38 | closing | close | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 34 keep | advcl |
| 39 | up | up | ADP | _ | 38 closing | compound:prt |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 froze | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | freeze | past | space | length | hard property | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||
| 2 | crackle | participle | the ice in the water not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | move | past | the ice in the water | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | have | past | the duckling | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | paddle | to-infinitive | the duckling not said here | with water's legs | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | keep | to-infinitive | the duckling not said here | the space | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent space=Theme | ||||
| 7 | close up | gerund | the duckling not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/201/142/