Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Wild Swans, part 3, sentence 36
"It is a sign from heaven that she is innocent," whispered many of them; but they ventured not to say it aloud.
Who acts: crowd, swan, pieces · What happens: be, whisper, venture, not say · To what, where: sign, heaven, many, crowd · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Wild Swans, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crowd, swan, pieces), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 sign | punct |
| 2 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 sign | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 sign | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 sign | det |
| 5 | sign | sign | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 heaven | case |
| 7 | heaven | heaven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 sign | nmod |
| 8 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 innocent | mark |
| 9 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 innocent | nsubj |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 innocent | cop |
| 11 | innocent | innocent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 heaven | acl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 whispered | punct |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 whispered | punct |
| 14 | whispered | whisper | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 sign | parataxis |
| 15 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 whispered | obj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 them | case |
| 17 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 many | nmod |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 ventured | punct |
| 19 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 ventured | cc |
| 20 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 ventured | nsubj |
| 21 | ventured | venture | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 whispered | conj |
| 22 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 24 say | advmod |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 say | mark |
| 24 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 ventured | xcomp |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 say | obj |
| 26 | aloud | aloud | ADV | _ | 24 say | advmod |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 sign | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | crowd | a sign | heaven | tree rules | |||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | swan | heaven not said here | innocent property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | whisper speech: assert | past | many of pieces | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Topic | |||||
| 4 | venture | past | pieces = piece | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | not say speech: assert | to-infinitive | pieces = piece not said here | crowd | aloud property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/210/36/