Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Story of the Year, sentence 157

The sunshine became warmer, the snow melted, and the birds twittered, "Spring is coming!"

Who acts: sunshine, snow, birds, Spring · What happens: become, melt, twitter, come · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Story of the Year. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sunshine, snow, birds, Spring), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sunshine	det
2	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 became	nsubj
3	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	warmer	warm	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 became	xcomp
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 melted	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 snow	det
7	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 melted	nsubj
8	melted	melt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 became	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 twittered	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 twittered	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 birds	det
12	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 twittered	nsubj
13	twittered	twitter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 became	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 coming	punct
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 coming	punct
16	Spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 coming	nsubj
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 coming	aux
18	coming	come	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 twittered	ccomp
19	!	!	PUNCT	_	18 coming	punct
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 twittered	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	become	past	the sunshine	warm property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	melt	past	the snow		vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	twitter	past	the birds		vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	come in a quote	present · progressive	Spring		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/214/157/