Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Elfin Hill, sentence 63

He spoke of the bright winter nights, when the sledge bells are ringing, and the boys run with burning torches across the smooth ice, which is so transparent that they can see the fishes dart forward beneath their feet.

Who acts: Father, sledge bells, boys, smooth ice, fishes · What happens: speak, ring, run, burn, be, see · To what, where: smooth ice, feet · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Elfin Hill. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Father, sledge bells, boys, smooth ice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 spoke	nsubj
2	spoke	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	7 nights	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 nights	det
5	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 nights	amod
6	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 nights	compound
7	nights	night	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spoke	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 ringing	punct
9	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	14 ringing	advmod
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 bells	det
11	sledge	sledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 bells	compound
12	bells	bell	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 ringing	nsubj
13	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 ringing	aux
14	ringing	ring	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 spoke	advcl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 run	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 run	cc
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 boys	det
18	boys	boy	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 run	nsubj
19	run	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 ringing	conj
20	with	with	ADP	_	22 torches	case
21	burning	burn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	22 torches	amod
22	torches	torch	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 run	obl
23	across	across	ADP	_	26 ice	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 ice	det
25	smooth	smooth	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 ice	amod
26	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 run	obl
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 transparent	punct
28	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	31 transparent	nsubj
29	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 transparent	cop
30	so	so	ADV	_	31 transparent	advmod
31	transparent	transparent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 ice	amod
32	that	that	SCONJ	_	35 see	mark
33	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 see	nsubj
34	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	35 see	aux
35	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	31 transparent	advcl
36	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 fishes	det
37	fishes	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 dart	nsubj
38	dart	dart	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	35 see	ccomp
39	forward	forward	ADV	_	38 dart	advmod
40	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	42 feet	case
41	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	42 feet	nmod:poss
42	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 dart	obl
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 spoke	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	past	Father		night		vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	ring	present · progressive	the sledge bells				vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	run	present	the boys	the smooth ice		with burning torches	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across ice=Trajectory
4	burn	gerund					vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	is	present	the smooth ice			transparent property	tree rules
6	see	can	boys = boy				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
7	dart	present	the fishes	fishes's feet		forward property	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beneath foot=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/31/63/