Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, A Leaf From Heaven, sentence 13
It must be some degenerate species," said he; "I do not know it, and it is not mentioned in any system."
Who acts: knowledge, professor, I · What happens: be, say, not know, not mention · To what, where: degenerate species, knowledge, system · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, A Leaf From Heaven. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knowledge, professor, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 species | nsubj |
| 2 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 species | aux |
| 3 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 6 species | cop |
| 4 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 6 species | det |
| 5 | degenerate | degenerate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 species | amod |
| 6 | species | species | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 species | punct |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 species | parataxis |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 said | nsubj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 know | punct |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 know | punct |
| 13 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 know | nsubj |
| 14 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 know | aux |
| 15 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 16 know | advmod |
| 16 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 said | conj |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 know | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 mentioned | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 mentioned | cc |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 mentioned | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 mentioned | aux:pass |
| 22 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 23 mentioned | advmod |
| 23 | mentioned | mention | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 said | conj |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 system | case |
| 25 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 26 system | det |
| 26 | system | system | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 mentioned | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 species | punct |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 species | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | must | knowledge | some degenerate species | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | professor | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | not know | present · do-support | I | knowledge | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | not mention speech: other | present · passive | knowledge | any system | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/49/13/