Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, I. Little Rudy, sentence 22

Small as he was, the goats were placed in his care, and a good goat-keeper should also be a good climber, and such Rudy was; he sometimes, indeed, climbed higher than the goats, for he was fond of seeking for birds'-nests at the top of high trees; he was bold and daring, but was seldom seen to smile, excepting when he stood by the roaring cataract, or heard the descending roll of the avalanche.

Who acts: boy, good goat keeper, such Rudy · What happens: be, place, seek, dare, see, smile · To what, where: Small goats, care, good climber, top, descending roll, avalanche

This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, I. Little Rudy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, good goat keeper, such Rudy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 goats	amod
2	as	as	SCONJ	_	4 was	mark
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 was	nsubj
4	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Small	advcl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Small	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 goats	det
7	goats	goat	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 placed	nsubj:pass
8	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 placed	aux:pass
9	placed	place	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 care	case
11	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 care	nmod:poss
12	care	care	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 placed	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 climber	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 climber	cc
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 keeper	det
16	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 keeper	amod
17	goat	goat	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 keeper	compound
18	-	-	PUNCT	_	17 goat	punct
19	keeper	keeper	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 climber	nsubj
20	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	25 climber	aux
21	also	also	ADV	_	25 climber	advmod
22	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	25 climber	cop
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 climber	det
24	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 climber	amod
25	climber	climber	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 placed	advcl
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 climbed	punct
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 climbed	cc
28	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 Rudy	amod
29	Rudy	Rudy	PROPN	Number=Sing	37 climbed	nsubj
30	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	37 climbed	cop
31	;	;	PUNCT	_	37 climbed	punct
32	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	37 climbed	nsubj
33	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	37 climbed	advmod
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 indeed	punct
35	indeed	indeed	ADV	_	37 climbed	advmod
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 climbed	punct
37	climbed	climb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 placed	parataxis
38	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	37 climbed	xcomp
39	than	than	ADP	_	41 goats	case
40	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	41 goats	det
41	goats	goat	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 higher	obl
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	46 fond	punct
43	for	for	ADP	_	46 fond	case
44	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	46 fond	nsubj
45	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	46 fond	cop
46	fond	fond	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 climbed	conj
47	of	of	SCONJ	_	48 seeking	mark
48	seeking	seek	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	46 fond	advcl
49	for	for	ADP	_	53 nests	case
50	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	53 nests	nmod:poss
51	'	's	PART	_	50 birds	case
52	-	-	PUNCT	_	53 nests	punct
53	nests	nest	NOUN	Number=Plur	48 seeking	obl
54	at	at	ADP	_	56 top	case
55	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	56 top	det
56	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	48 seeking	obl
57	of	of	ADP	_	59 trees	case
58	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	59 trees	amod
59	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	56 top	nmod
60	;	;	PUNCT	_	63 bold	punct
61	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	63 bold	nsubj
62	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	63 bold	cop
63	bold	bold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	46 fond	parataxis
64	and	and	CCONJ	_	65 daring	cc
65	daring	dare	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	63 bold	conj
66	,	,	PUNCT	_	70 seen	punct
67	but	but	CCONJ	_	70 seen	cc
68	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	70 seen	aux:pass
69	seldom	seldom	ADV	_	70 seen	advmod
70	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	37 climbed	conj
71	to	to	PART	_	72 smile	mark
72	smile	smile	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	70 seen	xcomp
73	,	,	PUNCT	_	74 excepting	punct
74	excepting	except	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	72 smile	advcl
75	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	77 stood	advmod
76	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	77 stood	nsubj
77	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	74 excepting	advcl
78	by	by	ADP	_	81 cataract	case
79	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	81 cataract	det
80	roaring	roar	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	81 cataract	amod
81	cataract	cataract	NOUN	Number=Sing	77 stood	obl
82	,	,	PUNCT	_	84 heard	punct
83	or	or	CCONJ	_	84 heard	cc
84	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	77 stood	conj
85	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	87 roll	det
86	descending	descend	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	87 roll	amod
87	roll	roll	NOUN	Number=Sing	84 heard	obj
88	of	of	ADP	_	90 avalanche	case
89	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	90 avalanche	det
90	avalanche	avalanche	NOUN	Number=Sing	87 roll	nmod
91	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 placed	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	be	past	boy				vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	place	past · passive		the Small goats	boy's care		vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in care=Destination
3	is a	should	a good goat keeper	a good climber			tree rules
4	is	past	such Rudy			climb, high, indeed, sometimes property	tree rules
5	is	past	boy			fond property	tree rules
6	seek	gerund	boy not said here		the top of high trees	for birds's nests	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for nest=Theme at top=Location
7	is	past	boy			bold property	tree rules
8	dare	gerund	boy not said here				vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
9	see	past · passive	such Rudy not said here			seldom property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: clause=Stimulus
10	smile	to-infinitive	such Rudy not said here				vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
11	except	gerund	such Rudy not said here				tree rules
12	stand	past	boy			by the roaring cataract	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by cataract=Location
13	roar	gerund					vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
14	hear	past	boy not said here	the descending roll of the avalanche			vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer roll=Stimulus
15	descend	gerund					vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
16	care		boy				nom care «act intransitive»: poss=agent
17	roll			the avalanche			nom roll «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/52/22/