Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, I. Little Rudy, sentence 7

They cross snow-covered mountains, and travel through the deep valleys, or ascend for hours, higher and still higher, the valleys appearing to sink lower and lower as they proceed, and become as small as if seen from an air balloon.

Who acts: glaciers, travel, valleys · What happens: cross, cover, ascend, appear, sink, proceed · To what, where: covered mountains, valleys, air balloon

This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, I. Little Rudy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (glaciers, travel, valleys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 cross	nsubj
2	cross	cross	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 covered	compound
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 snow	punct
5	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 mountains	amod
6	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 cross	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 ascend	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 ascend	cc
9	travel	travel	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 ascend	nsubj
10	through	through	ADP	_	13 valleys	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 valleys	det
12	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 valleys	amod
13	valleys	valley	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 travel	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 ascend	punct
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 ascend	cc
16	ascend	ascend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 cross	conj
17	for	for	ADP	_	18 hours	case
18	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 ascend	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 higher	punct
20	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	16 ascend	conj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 higher	cc
22	still	still	ADV	_	23 higher	advmod
23	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	20 higher	conj
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 valleys	punct
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 valleys	det
26	valleys	valley	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 ascend	obl
27	appearing	appear	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	26 valleys	acl
28	to	to	PART	_	29 sink	mark
29	sink	sink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	27 appearing	xcomp
30	lower	low	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	29 sink	xcomp
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 lower	cc
32	lower	low	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	30 lower	conj
33	as	as	SCONJ	_	35 proceed	mark
34	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 proceed	nsubj
35	proceed	proceed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 lower	advcl
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 become	punct
37	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 become	cc
38	become	become	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 cross	parataxis
39	as	as	ADV	_	40 small	advmod
40	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 become	xcomp
41	as	as	SCONJ	_	43 seen	mark
42	if	if	SCONJ	_	43 seen	mark
43	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	40 small	advcl
44	from	from	ADP	_	47 balloon	case
45	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	47 balloon	det
46	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 balloon	compound
47	balloon	balloon	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 seen	obl
48	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 cross	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cross	present	glaciers = glacier	covered mountains				vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mountain=Patient
2	cover	participle						vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
3	ascend	infinitive	travel through the deep valleys	the valleys		hour		vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	appear	gerund	the valleys not said here					vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute
5	sink	to-infinitive	the valleys not said here				low property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
6	proceed	present	glaciers = glacier					vn begin-55.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent
7	become	infinitive					small property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
8	see	participle			a air balloon			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/52/7/