Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, V. on the Way Home, sentence 28

"It certainly must be a spectre or a servant of the Ice Maiden," thought Rudy, who had heard such things talked about when he was a little boy, and had stayed all night on the mountain with the guides.

Who acts: sound, Rudy · What happens: be, think, hear, talk about, stay · To what, where: spectre, such things, little boy, mountain · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, V. on the Way Home. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sound, Rudy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 spectre	punct
2	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 spectre	nsubj
3	certainly	certainly	ADV	_	7 spectre	advmod
4	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 spectre	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 spectre	cop
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 spectre	det
7	spectre	spectre	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 thought	obl
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 servant	cc
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 servant	det
10	servant	servant	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 spectre	conj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 Maiden	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Maiden	det
13	Ice	Ice	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 Maiden	compound
14	Maiden	Maiden	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 servant	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 spectre	punct
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	17 thought	punct
17	thought	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
18	Rudy	Rudy	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 thought	obj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 heard	punct
20	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	22 heard	nsubj
21	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 heard	aux
22	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	18 Rudy	acl
23	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 things	amod
24	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 heard	obj
25	talked	talk	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	24 things	acl
26	about	about	ADP	_	25 talked	compound:prt
27	when	when	SCONJ	_	32 boy	mark
28	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 boy	nsubj
29	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	32 boy	cop
30	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	32 boy	det
31	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 boy	amod
32	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 talked	advcl
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 stayed	punct
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	36 stayed	cc
35	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	36 stayed	aux
36	stayed	stay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	17 thought	conj
37	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	38 night	det
38	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 stayed	obl:unmarked
39	on	on	ADP	_	41 mountain	case
40	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	41 mountain	det
41	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 stayed	obl
42	with	with	ADP	_	44 guides	case
43	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	44 guides	det
44	guides	guide	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 stayed	obl
45	.	.	PUNCT	_	17 thought	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	must	sound	a spectre or a servant of the Ice Maiden			certainly property	tree rules
2	think speech: other	past	Rudy					vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	hear	past · perfect	Rudy	such things				vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus
4	talk about	participle		such things not said here				vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	is a	past	Rudy	a little boy				tree rules
6	stay	past · perfect	Rudy not said here		the mountain	night	with the guides	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on mountain=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/56/28/