Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, IX. the Ice Maiden, sentence 14
And she laughed and sang till her voice sounded through the valley, and people said it was the rolling of an avalanche.
Who acts: Maiden, voice, people · What happens: laugh, sing, sound, say, be · To what, where: valley, rolling · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, IX. the Ice Maiden. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Maiden, voice, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 laughed | cc |
| 2 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 laughed | nsubj |
| 3 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 sang | cc |
| 5 | sang | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 laughed | conj |
| 6 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 9 sounded | mark |
| 7 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 voice | nmod:poss |
| 8 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 sounded | nsubj |
| 9 | sounded | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 sang | advcl |
| 10 | through | through | ADP | _ | 12 valley | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 valley | det |
| 12 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 sounded | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 said | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 said | cc |
| 15 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 said | nsubj |
| 16 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 laughed | conj |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 rolling | nsubj |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 rolling | cop |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 rolling | det |
| 20 | rolling | rolling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 said | ccomp |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 avalanche | case |
| 22 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 avalanche | det |
| 23 | avalanche | avalanche | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 rolling | nmod |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 laughed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | laugh | past | Maiden | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | sing speech: express | past | Maiden not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | sound | past | Maiden's voice | the valley | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through valley=Location | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | people | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is a | past | voice | the rolling | of a avalanche | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/60/14/