Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, XII. Evil Powers, sentence 60
Heavy clouds lay on the mountain clefts, like firm masses of snow.
Who acts: Heavy clouds · What happens: lay · To what, where: mountain clefts
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, XII. Evil Powers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Heavy clouds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 clouds | amod |
| 2 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 lay | nsubj |
| 3 | lay | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 clefts | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 clefts | det |
| 6 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 clefts | compound |
| 7 | clefts | cleft | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 lay | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 masses | punct |
| 9 | like | like | ADP | _ | 11 masses | case |
| 10 | firm | firm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 masses | amod |
| 11 | masses | mass | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 clefts | conj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 snow | case |
| 13 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 masses | nmod |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lay | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lay | present | Heavy clouds | the mountain clefts and firm masses of snow | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on cleft=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/63/60/