Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Little Ida's Flowers, sentence 39
They have flown off their stalks into the air, and flap their leaves as if they were little wings to make them fly.
Who acts: butterflies · What happens: fly off, flap, be, make, fly · To what, where: butterflies, air, leaves
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Little Ida's Flowers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (butterflies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 flown | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 flown | aux |
| 3 | flown | fly | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | off | off | ADP | _ | 6 stalks | case |
| 5 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 stalks | nmod:poss |
| 6 | stalks | stalk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 flown | obl |
| 7 | into | into | ADP | _ | 9 air | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 air | det |
| 9 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 flown | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 flap | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 flap | cc |
| 12 | flap | flap | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 3 flown | parataxis |
| 13 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 leaves | nmod:poss |
| 14 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 flap | obj |
| 15 | as | as | ADP | _ | 20 wings | case |
| 16 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 20 wings | mark |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 wings | nsubj |
| 18 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 wings | cop |
| 19 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 wings | amod |
| 20 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 flap | obl |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 make | mark |
| 22 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 flap | advcl |
| 23 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 make | obj |
| 24 | fly | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 make | xcomp |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 flown | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fly off | present · perfect · passive | butterflies = butterfly | the air | off butterflies's stalks | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme stalk=Destination | |||
| 2 | flap | infinitive | butterflies's leaves | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient | |||||
| 3 | is a condition, not said to happen | past | butterflies = butterfly | as little wings | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | make | to-infinitive | butterflies = butterfly | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | fly | infinitive | butterflies = butterfly not said here | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/73/39/