Just so stories, How the Alphabet Was Made, sentence 203
‘And I told it you without saying a word, didn’t I?’
Who acts: I · What happens: tell, say, not do · To what, where: course, you, word · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Alphabet Was Made. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 4 told | punct |
| 2 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 told | cc |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 told | nsubj |
| 4 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 told | obj |
| 6 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 4 told | iobj |
| 7 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 8 saying | mark |
| 8 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 told | advcl |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 word | det |
| 10 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 saying | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 did | punct |
| 12 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 told | conj |
| 13 | n’t | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 did | advmod |
| 14 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 12 did | nsubj |
| 15 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 told | punct |
| 16 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 4 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | I | course | you | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient it=Topic | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | gerund | I not said here | a word | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic | ||||
| 3 | not do | past | I | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/10/203/