Just so stories, How the Alphabet Was Made, sentence 34
Don’t you know how they stand on their heads rooting in the mud?
Who acts: you, ups, heads · What happens: not do, know, stand, root · To what, where: heads, mud · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, How the Alphabet Was Made. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, ups, heads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Do | do | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | n’t | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 1 Do | advmod |
| 3 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 4 know | nsubj |
| 4 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Do | parataxis |
| 5 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 7 stand | advmod |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 stand | nsubj |
| 7 | stand | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 know | ccomp |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 heads | case |
| 9 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 heads | nmod:poss |
| 10 | heads | head | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 stand | obl |
| 11 | rooting | root | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 heads | acl |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 mud | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 mud | det |
| 14 | mud | mud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 rooting | obl |
| 15 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Do | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not do | imperative | you not said here | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | know | present | you | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | stand | present | ups = up | ups's heads | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on head=Location | ||||
| 4 | root | gerund | ups's heads not said here | the mud | vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent in mud=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/10/34/