Just so stories, The Butterfly That Stamped, sentence 135
We were living peacefully in our golden palace, as is our custom, when upon a sudden the Palace disappeared, and we were left sitting in a thick and noisome darkness; and it thundered, and Djinns and Afrits moved about in the darkness!
Who acts: We, marble, Djinns · What happens: live, be, disappear, leave, sit, thunder · To what, where: golden palace, we, thick darkness
This is a sentence of «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, The Butterfly That Stamped. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, marble, Djinns), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 living | nsubj |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 living | aux |
| 3 | living | live | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | peacefully | peacefully | ADV | _ | 3 living | advmod |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 palace | case |
| 6 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 palace | nmod:poss |
| 7 | golden | golden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 palace | amod |
| 8 | palace | palace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 living | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 custom | punct |
| 10 | as | as | ADP | _ | 13 custom | case |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 custom | cop |
| 12 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 custom | nmod:poss |
| 13 | custom | custom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 living | parataxis |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 disappeared | punct |
| 15 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 21 disappeared | advmod |
| 16 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 20 Palace | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 Palace | det |
| 18 | sudden | sudden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 Palace | amod |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Palace | det |
| 20 | Palace | Palace | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 disappeared | obl |
| 21 | disappeared | disappear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 custom | parataxis |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 left | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 left | cc |
| 24 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 left | nsubj |
| 25 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 left | aux:pass |
| 26 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 disappeared | conj |
| 27 | sitting | sit | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 left | xcomp |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 darkness | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 darkness | det |
| 30 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 darkness | amod |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 noisome | cc |
| 32 | noisome | noisome | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 thick | conj |
| 33 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 sitting | obl |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 thundered | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 thundered | cc |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 thundered | nsubj |
| 37 | thundered | thunder | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 living | parataxis |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 moved | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 moved | cc |
| 40 | Djinns | djinn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 moved | nsubj |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 Afrits | cc |
| 42 | Afrits | afrit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 Djinns | conj |
| 43 | moved | move | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 thundered | conj |
| 44 | about | about | ADP | _ | 47 darkness | case |
| 45 | in | in | ADP | _ | 47 darkness | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 darkness | det |
| 47 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 moved | obl |
| 48 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 3 living | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | past · progressive | We | our golden palace | peacefully property | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in palace=Location | |||
| 2 | is | present | as our custom | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | disappear | past | upon a sudden Palace | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | leave | past · passive | we | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | sit | gerund | we not said here | a thick darkness | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in darkness=Location | ||||
| 6 | thunder | past | marble | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | move | past | Djinns and Afrits | about the darkness | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme about darkness=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Just so stories» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 2781 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2781/13/135/