Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter I, sentence 20
He had birds for playmates, but all the creatures that live in a wood must have been his comrades.
Who acts: life, creatures · What happens: have, live, be · To what, where: birds, wood, comrades
This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter I. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (life, creatures), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Checked tree. This sentence is in the tales treebank of Mova corpus 0.3 (gutenberg:pg2892:277): parsed by Mova, then checked and patched by a teacher model under UD validation gates — Mova annot: Rust (en) → Claude Opus (medium) patches; gates UD 2.18.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 had | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 had | obj |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 5 playmates | case |
| 5 | playmates | playmate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 had | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 creatures | punct |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 10 creatures | cc |
| 8 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 10 creatures | det:predet |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 creatures | det |
| 10 | creatures | creature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 comrades | nsubj |
| 11 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 live | nsubj |
| 12 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 creatures | acl:relcl |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 wood | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 wood | det |
| 15 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 live | obl |
| 16 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 comrades | aux |
| 17 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 20 comrades | aux |
| 18 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 20 comrades | cop |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 comrades | nmod:poss |
| 20 | comrades | comrade | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 had | conj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | life | birds | for playmates | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Patient | |||
| 2 | live | present | all creatures | a wood | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wood=Location | ||||
| 3 | is a | must · perfect | all creatures | life's comrades | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). Tree: the tales treebank of Mova corpus 0.3, Apache-2.0 OR MIT. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2892/14/20/