Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter XIV, sentence 7
A change came then, for the clouds had also been moving and the moon at last was sensed behind them--not as a radiance, but as a percolation of light, a gleam that was strained through matter after matter and was less than the very wraith or remembrance of itself; a thing seen so narrowly, so sparsely, that the eye could doubt if it was or was not seeing, and might conceive that its own memory was re-creating that which was still absent.
Who acts: change, clouds, eye, own memory, light · What happens: come, move, sense, strain, be, see · To what, where: last, gleam, matter, thing, change
This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter XIV. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (change, clouds, eye, own memory), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 change | det |
| 2 | change | change | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 came | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 moving | punct |
| 6 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 12 moving | mark |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 clouds | det |
| 8 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 moving | nsubj |
| 9 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 moving | aux |
| 10 | also | also | ADV | _ | 12 moving | advmod |
| 11 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 moving | aux |
| 12 | moving | move | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 came | advcl |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 moon | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 moon | det |
| 15 | moon | moon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 moving | conj |
| 16 | at | at | SCONJ | _ | 19 sensed | mark |
| 17 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 sensed | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 sensed | aux:pass |
| 19 | sensed | sense | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 moving | advcl |
| 20 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 21 them | case |
| 21 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 sensed | obl |
| 22 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 26 radiance | punct |
| 23 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 26 radiance | advmod |
| 24 | as | as | ADP | _ | 26 radiance | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 radiance | det |
| 26 | radiance | radiance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 sensed | parataxis |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 percolation | punct |
| 28 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 31 percolation | cc |
| 29 | as | as | ADP | _ | 31 percolation | case |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 percolation | det |
| 31 | percolation | percolation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | parataxis |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 light | case |
| 33 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 percolation | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 gleam | punct |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 gleam | det |
| 36 | gleam | gleam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 percolation | conj |
| 37 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 39 strained | nsubj:pass |
| 38 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 strained | aux:pass |
| 39 | strained | strain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 36 gleam | acl:relcl |
| 40 | through | through | ADP | _ | 41 matter | case |
| 41 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 strained | obl |
| 42 | after | after | ADP | _ | 43 matter | case |
| 43 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 strained | obl |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 less | cc |
| 45 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 less | cop |
| 46 | less | less | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 39 strained | conj |
| 47 | than | than | ADP | _ | 50 wraith | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 wraith | det |
| 49 | very | very | ADV | _ | 50 wraith | advmod |
| 50 | wraith | wraith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 less | obl |
| 51 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 52 remembrance | cc |
| 52 | remembrance | remembrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 wraith | conj |
| 53 | of | of | ADP | _ | 54 itself | case |
| 54 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 52 remembrance | nmod |
| 55 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 57 thing | punct |
| 56 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 57 thing | det |
| 57 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 percolation | conj |
| 58 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 57 thing | acl |
| 59 | so | so | ADV | _ | 60 narrowly | advmod |
| 60 | narrowly | narrowly | ADV | _ | 58 seen | advmod |
| 61 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 63 sparsely | punct |
| 62 | so | so | ADV | _ | 63 sparsely | advmod |
| 63 | sparsely | sparsely | ADV | _ | 58 seen | advmod |
| 64 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 69 doubt | punct |
| 65 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 69 doubt | mark |
| 66 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 67 eye | det |
| 67 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 doubt | nsubj |
| 68 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 69 doubt | aux |
| 69 | doubt | doubt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 58 seen | parataxis |
| 70 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 76 seeing | mark |
| 71 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 76 seeing | nsubj |
| 72 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 76 seeing | aux |
| 73 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 76 seeing | cc |
| 74 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 76 seeing | aux |
| 75 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 76 seeing | advmod |
| 76 | seeing | see | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 69 doubt | advcl |
| 77 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 80 conceive | punct |
| 78 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 80 conceive | cc |
| 79 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 80 conceive | aux |
| 80 | conceive | conceive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 69 doubt | conj |
| 81 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 86 re-creating | mark |
| 82 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 84 memory | nmod:poss |
| 83 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 84 memory | amod |
| 84 | memory | memory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 86 re-creating | nsubj |
| 85 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 86 re-creating | aux |
| 86 | re-creating | re-creat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 80 conceive | advcl |
| 87 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 91 absent | mark |
| 88 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 91 absent | nsubj |
| 89 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 91 absent | cop |
| 90 | still | still | ADV | _ | 91 absent | advmod |
| 91 | absent | absent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 86 re-creating | ccomp |
| 92 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | a change | then | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | move | past · perfect · progressive | the clouds | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | sense | past · passive | last | behind clouds = cloud | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | strain | past · passive | a gleam | matter | after matter | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: subject=Source | |||
| 5 | is | past | than the wraith or remembrance of change; less property | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | see | participle | a thing not said here | narrowly, sparsely property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 7 | doubt | could | the eye | vn judgment-33.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | not see a condition, not said to happen | past · progressive | change | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 9 | conceive | might | the eye not said here | vn characterize-29.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 10 | re-creat | past · progressive | change's own memory | tree rules | |||||
| 11 | is | past | still | absent property | tree rules | ||||
| 12 | percolate | light | nom percolation «process intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 13 | remember | change | nom remembrance «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2892/27/7/