Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter V. “Tell on, my love,” Finnian murmured, sentence 14
“I saw that I was hairy and tufty and bristled as a savage boar; that I was lean as a stripped bush; that I was greyer than a badger; withered and wrinkled like an empty sack; naked as a fish; wretched as a starving crow in winter; and on my fingers and toes there were great curving claws, so that I looked like nothing that was known, like nothing that was animal or divine.
Who acts: Finnian, that · What happens: see, be, bristle, strip, wither, wrinkle · To what, where: fingers, animal · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter V. “Tell on, my love,” Finnian murmured. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Finnian, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 saw | punct |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 saw | nsubj |
| 3 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 hairy | mark |
| 5 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 hairy | nsubj |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 hairy | cop |
| 7 | hairy | hairy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 saw | ccomp |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 tufty | cc |
| 9 | tufty | tufty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 hairy | conj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 bristled | cc |
| 11 | bristled | bristle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 hairy | conj |
| 12 | as | as | ADP | _ | 15 boar | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 boar | det |
| 14 | savage | savage | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 boar | amod |
| 15 | boar | boar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 bristled | obl |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 lean | punct |
| 17 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 20 lean | nsubj |
| 18 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 lean | nsubj |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 lean | cop |
| 20 | lean | lean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 saw | conj |
| 21 | as | as | ADP | _ | 24 bush | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 bush | det |
| 23 | stripped | strip | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 bush | amod |
| 24 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 lean | obl |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 greyer | punct |
| 26 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 29 greyer | nsubj |
| 27 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 29 greyer | nsubj |
| 28 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 greyer | cop |
| 29 | greyer | grey | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 20 lean | conj |
| 30 | than | than | ADP | _ | 32 badger | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 badger | det |
| 32 | badger | badger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 greyer | obl |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 withered | punct |
| 34 | withered | wither | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 saw | conj |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 wrinkled | cc |
| 36 | wrinkled | wrinkle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 34 withered | conj |
| 37 | like | like | ADP | _ | 40 sack | case |
| 38 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 sack | det |
| 39 | empty | empty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 sack | amod |
| 40 | sack | sack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 wrinkled | obl |
| 41 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 42 naked | punct |
| 42 | naked | naked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 saw | conj |
| 43 | as | as | ADP | _ | 45 fish | case |
| 44 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 fish | det |
| 45 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 naked | obl |
| 46 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 47 wretched | punct |
| 47 | wretched | wretch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 saw | conj |
| 48 | as | as | ADP | _ | 51 crow | case |
| 49 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 51 crow | det |
| 50 | starving | starve | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 51 crow | amod |
| 51 | crow | crow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 wretched | obl |
| 52 | in | in | ADP | _ | 53 winter | case |
| 53 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 crow | nmod |
| 54 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 58 fingers | punct |
| 55 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 fingers | cc |
| 56 | on | on | ADP | _ | 58 fingers | case |
| 57 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 58 fingers | nmod:poss |
| 58 | fingers | finger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 saw | obj |
| 59 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 60 toes | cc |
| 60 | toes | toe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 58 fingers | conj |
| 61 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 62 were | expl |
| 62 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 58 fingers | acl:relcl |
| 63 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 65 claws | amod |
| 64 | curving | curve | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 65 claws | amod |
| 65 | claws | claw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 62 were | nsubj |
| 66 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 70 looked | punct |
| 67 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 70 looked | mark |
| 68 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 67 so | fixed |
| 69 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 70 looked | nsubj |
| 70 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 62 were | parataxis |
| 71 | like | like | ADP | _ | 72 nothing | case |
| 72 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 70 looked | obl |
| 73 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 75 known | nsubj:pass |
| 74 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 75 known | aux:pass |
| 75 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 72 nothing | acl:relcl |
| 76 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 78 nothing | punct |
| 77 | like | like | ADP | _ | 78 nothing | case |
| 78 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 70 looked | conj |
| 79 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 81 animal | nsubj |
| 80 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 81 animal | cop |
| 81 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 78 nothing | appos |
| 82 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 83 divine | cc |
| 83 | divine | divine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 81 animal | conj |
| 84 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see in a quote | past | Finnian | my fingers and toes | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer finger=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | is in a quote | past | Finnian | hairy property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | be in a quote | Finnian not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | bristle in a quote | participle | Finnian not said here | as a savage boar | vn bulge-47.5.3 «NP V»: agent=Location | ||||
| 5 | is in a quote | past | that | as a stripped bush; lean property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | strip in a quote | participle | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 7 | is in a quote | past | that | than a badger; grey property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | wither in a quote | participle | Finnian not said here | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 9 | wrinkle in a quote | participle | Finnian not said here | like a empty sack | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 10 | wretch in a quote | participle | Finnian not said here | as a starving crow in winter | tree rules | ||||
| 11 | starve in a quote | gerund | tree rules | ||||||
| 12 | curve in a quote | gerund | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material | ||||||
| 13 | look in a quote | past | Finnian | like nothing | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 14 | know in a quote | past · passive | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus | ||||||
| 15 | is a in a quote | past | that | animal or divine | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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