Irish Fairy Tales, Chapter X, sentence 9

In a forked glen into which he slipped at night-fall he was surrounded by giant toads, who spat poison, and were icy as the land they lived in, and were cold and foul and savage.

Who acts: head, giant toads, toads · What happens: fork, slip, surround, spat, be, live in · To what, where: forked glen, head, poison, land

This is a sentence of «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Chapter X. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (head, giant toads, toads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	4 glen	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 glen	det
3	forked	fork	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 glen	amod
4	glen	glen	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	into	into	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 slipped	obl
7	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 slipped	nsubj
8	slipped	slip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 glen	acl:relcl
9	at	at	ADP	_	12 fall	case
10	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 fall	compound
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 night	punct
12	fall	fall	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 slipped	obl
13	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 surrounded	nsubj:pass
14	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 surrounded	aux:pass
15	surrounded	surround	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 fall	acl:relcl
16	by	by	ADP	_	18 toads	case
17	giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 toads	amod
18	toads	toad	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 surrounded	obl:agent
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 spat	punct
20	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	21 spat	nsubj
21	spat	spat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 toads	acl:relcl
22	poison	poison	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 spat	obj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 icy	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 icy	cc
25	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	26 icy	cop
26	icy	icy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 slipped	conj
27	as	as	ADP	_	29 land	case
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 land	det
29	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 icy	obl
30	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 lived	nsubj
31	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	29 land	acl:relcl
32	in	in	ADV	_	31 lived	advmod
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 cold	punct
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	36 cold	cc
35	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	36 cold	cop
36	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 slipped	parataxis
37	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 foul	cc
38	foul	foul	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 cold	conj
39	and	and	CCONJ	_	40 savage	cc
40	savage	savage	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 cold	conj
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 glen	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	fork	participle					vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent
2	slip	past	head		a forked glen	at night fall	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
3	surround	past · passive	giant toads	head			vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme
4	spat	present	giant toads	poison			tree rules
5	is	past	head not said here			as the land; icy property	tree rules
6	live in	past	toads = toad	the land not said here			vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme land=Location
7	is	past				cold property	tree rules
8	be						tree rules
9	be						tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Irish Fairy Tales» by James Stephens, Project Gutenberg book 2892 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2892/71/9/