Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales, The Two Princes, part 1, sentence 12
So he went up the high mountain till he came to two other mountains that were opposite each other, and there he saw two old men sitting, and they asked him straightway, "Little Prince! little Prince! whither dost thou go, and what dost thou seek?"--"I am going in search of my brother," said he, "my dear elder brother who is perishing, and I can find him nowhere."--Then one of the old men said to him, "If thou canst scale those two mountains yonder without falling, I'll give thee all that thou dost want."
Who acts: man, that, two old men, cross-roads, thou, dear elder brother · What happens: go up, come, be, see, sit, ask · To what, where: high mountain, two other mountains, two old men, straightway, man, thou · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Two Princes, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, that, two old men, cross-roads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 3 went | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 went | nsubj |
| 3 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 went | compound:prt |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 mountain | det |
| 6 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 mountain | amod |
| 7 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 went | obl |
| 8 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 10 came | mark |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 came | nsubj |
| 10 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | advcl |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 mountains | case |
| 12 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 mountains | nummod |
| 13 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 mountains | amod |
| 14 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 came | obl |
| 15 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 opposite | nsubj |
| 16 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 opposite | cop |
| 17 | opposite | opposite | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 mountains | amod |
| 18 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 opposite | appos |
| 19 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 each | fixed |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 saw | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 saw | cc |
| 22 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 24 saw | expl |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 saw | nsubj |
| 24 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 25 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 27 men | nummod |
| 26 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 men | amod |
| 27 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 saw | obj |
| 28 | sitting | sit | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 27 men | acl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 asked | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 asked | cc |
| 31 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 asked | nsubj |
| 32 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 33 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 asked | iobj |
| 34 | straightway | straightway | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 asked | obj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 Prince | punct |
| 36 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 38 Prince | punct |
| 37 | Little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 Prince | amod |
| 38 | Prince | Prince | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 straightway | appos |
| 39 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 41 Prince | punct |
| 40 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 Prince | amod |
| 41 | Prince | Prince | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 asked | obl |
| 42 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 44 dost | punct |
| 43 | whither | whither | ADV | PronType=Int | 44 dost | advmod |
| 44 | dost | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 45 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 44 dost | obj |
| 46 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 44 dost | xcomp |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 seek | punct |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 52 seek | cc |
| 49 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 52 seek | obj |
| 50 | dost | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 52 seek | aux |
| 51 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 52 seek | nsubj |
| 52 | seek | seek | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 went | parataxis |
| 53 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 52 seek | punct |
| 54 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
| 55 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 59 going | punct |
| 56 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 59 going | punct |
| 57 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 59 going | nsubj |
| 58 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 59 going | aux |
| 59 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 67 said | ccomp |
| 60 | in | in | ADP | _ | 61 search | case |
| 61 | search | search | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 going | obl |
| 62 | of | of | ADP | _ | 64 brother | case |
| 63 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 64 brother | nmod:poss |
| 64 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 search | nmod |
| 65 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 59 going | punct |
| 66 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 59 going | punct |
| 67 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | parataxis |
| 68 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 67 said | nsubj |
| 69 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 77 perishing | punct |
| 70 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 77 perishing | punct |
| 71 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 74 brother | nmod:poss |
| 72 | dear | dear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 74 brother | amod |
| 73 | elder | elder | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 74 brother | amod |
| 74 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 77 perishing | nsubj |
| 75 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 77 perishing | nsubj |
| 76 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 77 perishing | aux |
| 77 | perishing | perish | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 67 said | ccomp |
| 78 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 82 find | punct |
| 79 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 82 find | cc |
| 80 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 82 find | nsubj |
| 81 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 82 find | aux |
| 82 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 77 perishing | conj |
| 83 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 82 find | obj |
| 84 | nowhere | nowhere | ADV | PronType=Neg | 82 find | advmod |
| 85 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 77 perishing | punct |
| 86 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 77 perishing | punct |
| 87 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 89 one | punct |
| 88 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 89 one | advmod |
| 89 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 94 said | obl |
| 90 | of | of | ADP | _ | 93 men | case |
| 91 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 93 men | det |
| 92 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 93 men | amod |
| 93 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 94 said | nsubj |
| 94 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 67 said | parataxis |
| 95 | to | to | ADP | _ | 96 him | case |
| 96 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 94 said | obl |
| 97 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 112 give | punct |
| 98 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 112 give | punct |
| 99 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 102 scale | mark |
| 100 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 102 scale | nsubj |
| 101 | canst | can | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 102 scale | aux |
| 102 | scale | scale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 112 give | advcl |
| 103 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 102 scale | nmod |
| 104 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 105 mountains | nummod |
| 105 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 103 those | nmod |
| 106 | yonder | yonder | ADV | _ | 103 those | advmod |
| 107 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 108 falling | mark |
| 108 | falling | fall | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 103 those | advcl |
| 109 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 102 scale | punct |
| 110 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 112 give | nsubj |
| 111 | 'll | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 112 give | aux |
| 112 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 94 said | conj |
| 113 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 112 give | iobj |
| 114 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 115 that | det:predet |
| 115 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 112 give | obj |
| 116 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 117 dost | nsubj |
| 117 | dost | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 115 that | acl:relcl |
| 118 | want | want | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 117 dost | ccomp |
| 119 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
| 120 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go up | past | man | the high mountain | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | come | past | man | two other mountains | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to mountain=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | is | past | that | opposite property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | see | past | man | two old men | there | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | sit | gerund | two old men not said here | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | ask speech: ask | past | cross-roads = cross-road | straightway | man | little Prince obl | tree rules | ||
| 7 | do in a quote | present | man not said here | thou | whither property | tree rules | |||
| 8 | go in a quote | infinitive | man not said here | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 9 | seek in a quote | present · do-support | thou | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme | |||||
| 10 | go in a quote | present · progressive | man | search of my brother | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in search=Location | ||||
| 11 | say speech: assert | past | man | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 12 | perish in a quote | present · progressive | my dear elder brother | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 13 | find in a quote | can | man | brother | nowhere property | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Topic | |||
| 14 | say speech: assert | past | the old men | one | brother | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient | |||
| 15 | scale a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | can | thou | those | tree rules | ||||
| 16 | fall in a quote | gerund | thou not said here | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 17 | give in a quote | future | the old men = man | that | thee | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent thou=Recipient that=Theme | |||
| 18 | do in a quote | present | thou | tree rules | |||||
| 19 | want in a quote | present | thou not said here | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot | |||||
| 20 | search in a quote | my brother | nom search «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», Project Gutenberg book 29672 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg29672/22/12/