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Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales, The Voices At the Window, part 1, sentence 105

The horse ran right up to them and said, "Hail! little Tsar Novishny; art thou here by thy leave or against thy leave?"--And the little Tsar Novishny replied, "Nay, little nag! we are here against our leave, not by our leave."--"Then sit on my back!" said the horse, "and I'll carry you off!"

Who acts: horse, little Tsar, we · What happens: run, say, reply, be, sit, carry off · To what, where: Hail, back, you · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Voices At the Window, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, little Tsar, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

detnsubjadvmodcasecaseoblccconjpunctpunctobjpunctamodccompflatpunctparataxisobjadvmodcasenmod:possoblcccasenmod:possconjpunctpunctpunctccdetamodnsubjflatparataxispunctpunctdiscoursepunctamodvocativepunctnsubjcopadvmodcasenmod:possccomppunctadvmodcasenmod:possconjpunctpunctpunctpunctadvmodparataxiscasenmod:possoblpunctpunctconjdetnsubjpunctpunctccnsubjauxconjobjcompound:prtpunctpunctrootTheDEThorseNOUNranVERBrightADVupADPtoADPthemPRONandCCONJsaidVERB,PUNCT"PUNCTHailNOUN!PUNCTlittleADJTsarPROPNNovishnyPROPN;PUNCTartAUXthouPRONhereADVbyADPthyPRONleaveNOUNorCCONJagainstADPthyPRONleaveNOUN?PUNCT"PUNCT--PUNCTAndCCONJtheDETlittleADJTsarPROPNNovishnyPROPNrepliedVERB,PUNCT"PUNCTNayINTJ,PUNCTlittleADJnagNOUN!PUNCTwePRONareAUXhereADVagainstADPourPRONleaveNOUN,PUNCTnotPARTbyADPourPRONleaveNOUN.PUNCT"PUNCT--PUNCT"PUNCTThenADVsitVERBonADPmyPRONbackNOUN!PUNCT"PUNCTsaidVERBtheDEThorseNOUN,PUNCT"PUNCTandCCONJIPRON'llAUXcarryVERByouPRONoffADP!PUNCT"PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art2 horsedet
2horsehorseNOUNNumber=Sing3 rannsubj
3ranrunVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
4rightrightADV_3 ranadvmod
5upupADP_7 themcase
6totoADP_7 themcase
7themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs3 ranobl
8andandCCONJ_9 saidcc
9saidsayVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin3 ranconj
10,,PUNCT_12 Hailpunct
11""PUNCT_12 Hailpunct
12HailhailNOUNNumber=Sing9 saidobj
13!!PUNCT_12 Hailpunct
14littlelittleADJDegree=Pos15 Tsaramod
15TsarTsarPROPNNumber=Sing9 saidccomp
16NovishnyNovishnyPROPNNumber=Sing15 Tsarflat
17;;PUNCT_18 artpunct
18artbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin3 ranparataxis
19thouthouPRONCase=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch18 artobj
20herehereADVPronType=Dem18 artadvmod
21bybyADP_23 leavecase
22thythyPRONCase=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch23 leavenmod:poss
23leaveleaveNOUNNumber=Sing18 artobl
24ororCCONJ_27 leavecc
25againstagainstADP_27 leavecase
26thythyPRONCase=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch27 leavenmod:poss
27leaveleaveNOUNNumber=Sing23 leaveconj
28??PUNCT_27 leavepunct
29""PUNCT_27 leavepunct
30----PUNCT_36 repliedpunct
31AndandCCONJ_36 repliedcc
32thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art34 Tsardet
33littlelittleADJDegree=Pos34 Tsaramod
34TsarTsarPROPNNumber=Sing36 repliednsubj
35NovishnyNovishnyPROPNNumber=Sing34 Tsarflat
36repliedreplyVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin3 ranparataxis
37,,PUNCT_39 Naypunct
38""PUNCT_39 Naypunct
39NaynayINTJ_49 leavediscourse
40,,PUNCT_42 nagpunct
41littlelittleADJDegree=Pos42 nagamod
42nagnagNOUNNumber=Sing39 Nayvocative
43!!PUNCT_39 Naypunct
44wewePRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs49 leavensubj
45arebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin49 leavecop
46herehereADVPronType=Dem49 leaveadvmod
47againstagainstADP_49 leavecase
48ourourPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs49 leavenmod:poss
49leaveleaveNOUNNumber=Sing36 repliedccomp
50,,PUNCT_54 leavepunct
51notnotPARTPolarity=Neg54 leaveadvmod
52bybyADP_54 leavecase
53ourourPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs54 leavenmod:poss
54leaveleaveNOUNNumber=Sing49 leaveconj
55..PUNCT_3 ranpunct
56""PUNCT_3 ranpunct
57----PUNCT_60 sitpunct
58""PUNCT_60 sitpunct
59ThenthenADVPronType=Dem60 sitadvmod
60sitsitVERBMood=Imp VerbForm=Fin3 ranparataxis
61ononADP_63 backcase
62mymyPRONCase=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs63 backnmod:poss
63backbackNOUNNumber=Sing60 sitobl
64!!PUNCT_60 sitpunct
65""PUNCT_60 sitpunct
66saidsayVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin3 ranconj
67thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art68 horsedet
68horsehorseNOUNNumber=Sing66 saidnsubj
69,,PUNCT_3 ranpunct
70""PUNCT_3 ranpunct
71andandCCONJ_74 carrycc
72IIPRONCase=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs74 carrynsubj
73'llwillAUXVerbForm=Fin74 carryaux
74carrycarryVERBVerbForm=Inf3 ranconj
75youyouPRONCase=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs74 carryobj
76offoffADP_74 carrycompound:prt
77!!PUNCT_74 carrypunct
78""PUNCT_74 carrypunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1runpastthe horseup gimlet; right propertytree rules
2say speech: assertpastthe horse not said hereHailvn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent hail=Topic
3reply speech: expresspastthe little Tsarvn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4is in a quotepresentwehereagainst our leave and our leavetree rules
5sit in a quoteinfinitivemy backthenvn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on back=Location
6say speech: expresspastthe horsevn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
7carry off in a quotefuturethe horse = horseyouvn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», Project Gutenberg book 29672 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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