Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales, The Voices At the Window, part 1, sentence 105
The horse ran right up to them and said, "Hail! little Tsar Novishny; art thou here by thy leave or against thy leave?"--And the little Tsar Novishny replied, "Nay, little nag! we are here against our leave, not by our leave."--"Then sit on my back!" said the horse, "and I'll carry you off!"
Who acts: horse, little Tsar, we · What happens: run, say, reply, be, sit, carry off · To what, where: Hail, back, you · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», The Voices At the Window, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, little Tsar, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 horse | det |
| 2 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ran | nsubj |
| 3 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | right | right | ADV | _ | 3 ran | advmod |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 7 them | case |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 them | case |
| 7 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 ran | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 said | cc |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ran | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 Hail | punct |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 Hail | punct |
| 12 | Hail | hail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 said | obj |
| 13 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 12 Hail | punct |
| 14 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 Tsar | amod |
| 15 | Tsar | Tsar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 said | ccomp |
| 16 | Novishny | Novishny | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Tsar | flat |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 art | punct |
| 18 | art | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 ran | parataxis |
| 19 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 18 art | obj |
| 20 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 18 art | advmod |
| 21 | by | by | ADP | _ | 23 leave | case |
| 22 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 23 leave | nmod:poss |
| 23 | leave | leave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 art | obl |
| 24 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 27 leave | cc |
| 25 | against | against | ADP | _ | 27 leave | case |
| 26 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 27 leave | nmod:poss |
| 27 | leave | leave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 leave | conj |
| 28 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 27 leave | punct |
| 29 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 leave | punct |
| 30 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 36 replied | punct |
| 31 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 replied | cc |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 Tsar | det |
| 33 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 Tsar | amod |
| 34 | Tsar | Tsar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 replied | nsubj |
| 35 | Novishny | Novishny | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 Tsar | flat |
| 36 | replied | reply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ran | parataxis |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 Nay | punct |
| 38 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 Nay | punct |
| 39 | Nay | nay | INTJ | _ | 49 leave | discourse |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 nag | punct |
| 41 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 nag | amod |
| 42 | nag | nag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 Nay | vocative |
| 43 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 39 Nay | punct |
| 44 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 49 leave | nsubj |
| 45 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 49 leave | cop |
| 46 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 49 leave | advmod |
| 47 | against | against | ADP | _ | 49 leave | case |
| 48 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 49 leave | nmod:poss |
| 49 | leave | leave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 replied | ccomp |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 leave | punct |
| 51 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 54 leave | advmod |
| 52 | by | by | ADP | _ | 54 leave | case |
| 53 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 54 leave | nmod:poss |
| 54 | leave | leave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 leave | conj |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 ran | punct |
| 56 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 ran | punct |
| 57 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 60 sit | punct |
| 58 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 60 sit | punct |
| 59 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 60 sit | advmod |
| 60 | sit | sit | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 3 ran | parataxis |
| 61 | on | on | ADP | _ | 63 back | case |
| 62 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 63 back | nmod:poss |
| 63 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 sit | obl |
| 64 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 60 sit | punct |
| 65 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 60 sit | punct |
| 66 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ran | conj |
| 67 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 68 horse | det |
| 68 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 said | nsubj |
| 69 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 ran | punct |
| 70 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 ran | punct |
| 71 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 74 carry | cc |
| 72 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 74 carry | nsubj |
| 73 | 'll | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 74 carry | aux |
| 74 | carry | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 ran | conj |
| 75 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 74 carry | obj |
| 76 | off | off | ADP | _ | 74 carry | compound:prt |
| 77 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 74 carry | punct |
| 78 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 74 carry | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run | past | the horse | up gimlet; right property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the horse not said here | Hail | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent hail=Topic | ||||
| 3 | reply speech: express | past | the little Tsar | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | we | here | against our leave and our leave | tree rules | |||
| 5 | sit in a quote | infinitive | my back | then | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on back=Location | ||||
| 6 | say speech: express | past | the horse | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | carry off in a quote | future | the horse = horse | you | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales», Project Gutenberg book 29672 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg29672/4/105/