The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 11, sentence 98
At last they perceived that they had been cheated somehow by that goldsmith.
Who acts: villagers, goldsmith · What happens: perceive, cheat · To what, where: last, villagers
This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (villagers, goldsmith), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 last | case |
| 2 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 perceived | obl |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 perceived | nsubj |
| 4 | perceived | perceive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 cheated | mark |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 cheated | nsubj |
| 7 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 cheated | aux |
| 8 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 cheated | aux:pass |
| 9 | cheated | cheat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 perceived | ccomp |
| 10 | somehow | somehow | ADV | _ | 9 cheated | advmod |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 goldsmith | case |
| 12 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 13 goldsmith | det |
| 13 | goldsmith | goldsmith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 cheated | obl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 perceived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | perceive | past | villagers = villager | last | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | cheat | past · perfect · passive | that goldsmith | villagers = villager | somehow property | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/11/98/