The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 16, sentence 72

It was late by the time he arrived, and almost dark, but he knew by the savoury smell that reached him that the witch was cooking her supper.

Who acts: boat, Pinkel, savoury smell, witch · What happens: be, arrive, know, reach, cook · To what, where: Pinkel, supper

This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boat, Pinkel, savoury smell, witch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 late	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 late	cop
3	late	late	ADV	Degree=Pos	8 arrived	advmod
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 time	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 time	det
6	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 arrived	obl
7	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 arrived	nsubj
8	arrived	arrive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 dark	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 dark	cc
11	almost	almost	ADV	_	12 dark	advmod
12	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 arrived	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 knew	punct
14	but	but	CCONJ	_	16 knew	cc
15	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 knew	nsubj
16	knew	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 arrived	conj
17	by	by	ADP	_	20 smell	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 smell	det
19	savoury	savoury	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 smell	amod
20	smell	smell	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 knew	obl
21	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	22 reached	nsubj
22	reached	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 smell	acl:relcl
23	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 reached	obj
24	that	that	SCONJ	_	28 cooking	mark
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 witch	det
26	witch	witch	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 cooking	nsubj
27	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	28 cooking	aux
28	cooking	cook	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	22 reached	advcl
29	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	30 supper	nmod:poss
30	supper	supper	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 cooking	obj
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 arrived	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	boat			late property	tree rules
2	arrive	past	Pinkel		time		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	know	past	Pinkel			by the savoury smell	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
4	reach	past	the savoury smell	Pinkel			vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent he=Theme
5	cook	past · progressive	the witch	witch's supper			vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent supper=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/16/72/