The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 24, sentence 97
These words, low though they were spoken, reached Becasigue, who could hardly believe his ears.
Who acts: words, Becasigue · What happens: speak, reach, believe · To what, where: words, ears · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 24. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (words, Becasigue), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 2 words | det |
| 2 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 reached | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 spoken | punct |
| 4 | low | low | ADV | Degree=Pos | 8 spoken | advmod |
| 5 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 8 spoken | mark |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 spoken | nsubj |
| 7 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 spoken | aux:pass |
| 8 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 words | appos |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 words | punct |
| 10 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | Becasigue | Becasigue | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 believe | nsubj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 believe | punct |
| 13 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 believe | nsubj |
| 14 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 believe | aux |
| 15 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 16 believe | advmod |
| 16 | believe | believe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 reached | ccomp |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 ears | nmod:poss |
| 18 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 believe | obj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 reached | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | past · passive | words = word | low property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | reach | past | this words | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | believe | could | Becasigue | Becasigue's ears | hardly property | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ear=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/24/97/