The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 27, sentence 28
When she understood what was happening the poor young queen was terribly frightened, and, dropping the reins, clung to the side of the chariot.
Who acts: court · What happens: understand, happen, frighten, drop, cling · To what, where: poor young queen, reins · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 27. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (court), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 understood | advmod |
| 2 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 understood | nsubj |
| 3 | understood | understand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 6 happening | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 happening | aux |
| 6 | happening | happen | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 understood | ccomp |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 queen | det |
| 8 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 queen | amod |
| 9 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 queen | amod |
| 10 | queen | queen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 frightened | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 frightened | aux:pass |
| 12 | terribly | terribly | ADV | _ | 13 frightened | advmod |
| 13 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 happening | parataxis |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 understood | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 dropping | cc |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 dropping | punct |
| 17 | dropping | drop | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 understood | conj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 reins | det |
| 19 | reins | rein | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 dropping | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 clung | punct |
| 21 | clung | cling | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 reins | acl |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 side | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 side | det |
| 24 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 clung | obl |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 chariot | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 chariot | det |
| 27 | chariot | chariot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 side | nmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 understood | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | understand | past | court | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | happen | past · progressive | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | frighten | past · passive | the poor young queen | terribly property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | drop | gerund | court not said here | the reins | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rein=Theme | ||||
| 5 | cling | participle | the reins not said here | to the side of the chariot | vn cling-22.5 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to side=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/27/28/