The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 3, sentence 24
Then they began to talk, and, by-and- bye, the king asked the fakeer if he could show him a glimpse of Paradise, for he found it very difficult to believe in what he could not see.
Who acts: shoulders, king · What happens: begin, talk, ask, show, find, believe · To what, where: fakeer, glimpse, Paradise · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shoulders, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 began | advmod |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 began | nsubj |
| 3 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 talk | mark |
| 5 | talk | talk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 began | xcomp |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 asked | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 asked | cc |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 and | punct |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 bye | case |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 by | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 by | cc |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 by | punct |
| 13 | bye | bye | INTJ | _ | 17 asked | discourse |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 bye | punct |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 king | det |
| 16 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 asked | nsubj |
| 17 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 began | parataxis |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 fakeer | det |
| 19 | fakeer | fakeer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 asked | obj |
| 20 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 23 show | mark |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 show | nsubj |
| 22 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 show | aux |
| 23 | show | show | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 asked | ccomp |
| 24 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 show | iobj |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 glimpse | det |
| 26 | glimpse | glimpse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 show | obj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 Paradise | case |
| 28 | Paradise | Paradise | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 glimpse | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 found | punct |
| 30 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 32 found | mark |
| 31 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 found | nsubj |
| 32 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 asked | conj |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 found | obj |
| 34 | very | very | ADV | _ | 35 difficult | advmod |
| 35 | difficult | difficult | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 found | xcomp |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 believe | mark |
| 37 | believe | believe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 difficult | ccomp |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 what | case |
| 39 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 43 see | obj |
| 40 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 see | nsubj |
| 41 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 43 see | aux |
| 42 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 43 see | advmod |
| 43 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 believe | ccomp |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | shoulders = shoulder | then | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | talk | to-infinitive | shoulders = shoulder not said here | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | past | the king | the fakeer | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent fakeer=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | show a condition, not said to happen | could | King | a glimpse of Paradise | fakeer | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient glimpse=Topic | |||
| 5 | find | past | King | glimpse | difficult property | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic | |||
| 6 | believe | to-infinitive | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||||
| 7 | not see | could | King | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus | |||||
| 8 | glimpse | Paradise | nom glimpse «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/3/24/