The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 30, sentence 28
The sun was by now low in the heavens, and the cows left off feeding, and turned their faces home again, followed by Ardan son of Gorla.
Who acts: sun, cows · What happens: be, leave off, turn, follow · To what, where: heavens, feeding, faces
This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun, cows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 sun | det |
| 2 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 low | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 low | cop |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 5 now | case |
| 5 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 6 low | obl |
| 6 | low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 heavens | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 heavens | det |
| 9 | heavens | heaven | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 low | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 left | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 left | cc |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 cows | det |
| 13 | cows | cow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 left | nsubj |
| 14 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 low | parataxis |
| 15 | off | off | ADP | _ | 14 left | compound:prt |
| 16 | feeding | feeding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 left | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 turned | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 turned | cc |
| 19 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 low | parataxis |
| 20 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 faces | nmod:poss |
| 21 | faces | face | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 turned | obj |
| 22 | home | home | ADV | _ | 19 turned | advmod |
| 23 | again | again | ADV | _ | 19 turned | advmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 followed | punct |
| 25 | followed | follow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 turned | conj |
| 26 | by | by | ADP | _ | 28 son | case |
| 27 | Ardan | Ardan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 son | compound |
| 28 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 followed | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 Gorla | case |
| 30 | Gorla | Gorla | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 son | nmod |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 low | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the sun | the heavens | low property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | leave off | participle | the cows | feeding | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feeding=Theme | ||||
| 3 | turn | past | cows's faces | again | home property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent face=Theme | |||
| 4 | follow | participle | by Ardan son of Gorla | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by son=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/30/28/