The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 30, sentence 78
This time they passed over a plain so bare that a pin could not have lain there unnoticed, yet Covan beheld with surprise a foal and its mother feeding there, both as fat as if they had pastured on the richest grass.
Who acts: cows, pin · What happens: pass, not lie, behold, pasture, feed · To what, where: plain, pin, foal, richest grass
This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cows, pin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 time | det |
| 2 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 passed | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 passed | nsubj |
| 4 | passed | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | over | over | ADP | _ | 7 plain | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 plain | det |
| 7 | plain | plain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 passed | obl |
| 8 | so | so | ADV | _ | 9 bare | advmod |
| 9 | bare | bare | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 plain | amod |
| 10 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 lain | mark |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 pin | det |
| 12 | pin | pin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 lain | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 lain | aux |
| 14 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 16 lain | advmod |
| 15 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 16 lain | aux |
| 16 | lain | lie | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 bare | advcl |
| 17 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 16 lain | advmod |
| 18 | unnoticed | unnoticed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 lain | xcomp |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 beheld | punct |
| 20 | yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 22 beheld | cc |
| 21 | Covan | Covan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 beheld | compound |
| 22 | beheld | behold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 passed | parataxis |
| 23 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 surprise | case |
| 24 | surprise | surprise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 beheld | obl |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 foal | det |
| 26 | foal | foal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 beheld | obj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 feeding | cc |
| 28 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 feeding | nmod:poss |
| 29 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 feeding | compound |
| 30 | feeding | feeding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 foal | conj |
| 31 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 30 feeding | advmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 fat | punct |
| 33 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 35 fat | nsubj |
| 34 | as | as | ADV | _ | 35 fat | advmod |
| 35 | fat | fat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 beheld | conj |
| 36 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 40 pastured | mark |
| 37 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 40 pastured | mark |
| 38 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 pastured | nsubj |
| 39 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 pastured | aux |
| 40 | pastured | pasture | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 35 fat | advcl |
| 41 | on | on | ADP | _ | 44 grass | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 grass | det |
| 43 | richest | rich | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 44 grass | amod |
| 44 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 pastured | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 passed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pass | past | cows = cow | a plain | time | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme over plain=Location | |||
| 2 | not lie | could · perfect · passive | a pin | there | unnoticed property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | |||
| 3 | behold | participle | a foal and pin's mother feeding | with surprise | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer foal=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | pasture | past · perfect | cows = cow | the richest grass | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on grass=Destination | ||||
| 5 | feed | pin | nom feeding «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/30/78/