The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 31, sentence 54
Last of all, difficulties gave you courage, instead of lending you despair.
Who acts: Last difficulties · What happens: give, lend · To what, where: courage, you, despair
This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Last difficulties), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 difficulties | amod |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 3 all | case |
| 3 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 1 Last | nmod |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Last | punct |
| 5 | difficulties | difficulty | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 gave | nsubj |
| 6 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 6 gave | iobj |
| 8 | courage | courage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 gave | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 lending | punct |
| 10 | instead | instead | ADV | ExtPos=SCONJ | 12 lending | mark |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 instead | fixed |
| 12 | lending | lend | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 gave | advcl |
| 13 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 12 lending | obj |
| 14 | despair | despair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 lending | obj |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past | Last difficulties | courage | you | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient courage=Theme | |||
| 2 | lend | gerund | Last difficulties not said here | despair | you | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient despair=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/31/54/