The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 9, sentence 88
And every morning it grew colder and colder, and the duckling had hard work to keep himself warm.
Who acts: bottom, duckling, hard work · What happens: grow, have, keep · To what, where: hard work, neck
This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bottom, duckling, hard work), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 grew | cc |
| 2 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 morning | det |
| 3 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 grew | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 grew | nsubj |
| 5 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | colder | cold | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 5 grew | xcomp |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 colder | cc |
| 8 | colder | cold | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 6 colder | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 had | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 had | cc |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 duckling | det |
| 12 | duckling | duckling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 had | nsubj |
| 13 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 grew | conj |
| 14 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 work | amod |
| 15 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 had | obj |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 keep | mark |
| 17 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 had | xcomp |
| 18 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 17 keep | obj |
| 19 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 keep | xcomp |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 grew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | past | bottom | morning | cold property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | have | past | the duckling | hard work | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | keep | to-infinitive | hard work not said here | neck | warm property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/9/88/