The Brown Fairy Book, The Brown Fairy Book, part 15, sentence 14
Then he had to go all the way back again, and at the very top, where he stopped to rest, the barking was directly beneath him, and he knew in an instant where he was and what had happened.
Who acts: dog, barking · What happens: have, go, stop, rest, be, know · To what, where: way, instant, dog
This is a sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dog, barking), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 had | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 had | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 go | mark |
| 5 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 had | xcomp |
| 6 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 way | det:predet |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 way | det |
| 8 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 go | obl:unmarked |
| 9 | back | back | ADV | _ | 5 go | advmod |
| 10 | again | again | ADV | _ | 5 go | advmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 top | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 top | cc |
| 13 | at | at | ADP | _ | 16 top | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 top | det |
| 15 | very | very | ADV | _ | 16 top | advmod |
| 16 | top | top | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 had | parataxis |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 stopped | punct |
| 18 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 20 stopped | advmod |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 stopped | nsubj |
| 20 | stopped | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 top | conj |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 rest | mark |
| 22 | rest | rest | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 stopped | xcomp |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 him | punct |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 barking | det |
| 25 | barking | barking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 him | nsubj |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 him | cop |
| 27 | directly | directly | ADV | _ | 29 him | advmod |
| 28 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 29 him | case |
| 29 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 rest | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 knew | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 knew | cc |
| 32 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 knew | nsubj |
| 33 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 had | parataxis |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 instant | case |
| 35 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 instant | det |
| 36 | instant | instant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 knew | obl |
| 37 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 43 happened | advmod |
| 38 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 happened | nsubj |
| 39 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 happened | aux:pass |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 happened | cc |
| 41 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 43 happened | nsubj |
| 42 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 happened | aux |
| 43 | happened | happen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 36 instant | acl:relcl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | dog | then | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | go | to-infinitive | dog not said here | all way | again | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 3 | stop | past | dog | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | rest | to-infinitive | dog not said here | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | is | past | the barking | beneath dog; directly property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | know | past | dog | a instant | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 7 | happen | past · perfect · passive | dog | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3282 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3282/15/14/